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BIOM20002 - HSF > Lecture 30 - Autonomic Pharmacology > Flashcards

Lecture 30 - Autonomic Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

Which conditions are associated with the lungs?

A 
Asthma
COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease)
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2
Q

Which conditions are associated with the vasculature?

A

Hypertension

Hypotension

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3
Q

Which conditions are associated with the eyes?

A

Glaucoma

Ocular examination

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4
Q

Which conditions are associated with the heart?

A

Angina
Heart Failure
Hypertension

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5
Q

Which conditions are associated with the GIT?

A

GI disorders

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6
Q

Which conditions are associated with the skeletal muscle?

A

Dystonias
Myasthenia gravis
Pre-anaesthetic muscle relaxation

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7
Q

Describe chemical transmission in the somatic nervous system

A

ACh - nAChR

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8
Q

Describe chemical transmission in the parasympathetic nervous system

A

I/ ACh - nAChR

II/ ACh - mAChR

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9
Q

Describe chemical transmission in the sympathetic nervous system

A

I/ ACh - nAChR

II/ NA - alpha and beta adrenoceptors

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10
Q

Describe the innervation of the adrenal glands

A

I/ ACh - nAChR

II/ Adrenaline - alpha and beta adrenoceptors

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11
Q

Describe innervation of sweat glands

A

(sympathetic)
I/ ACh - nAChR
II/ ACh - mAChR

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12
Q

What are the agonists of nAChR?

A

Nicotine

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13
Q

What is the agonist of mAChR?

A

Muscarine

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14
Q

What is an antagonist of nAChR?

A

d-Turbocurarine

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15
Q

What is an antagonist of mAChR?

A

Atropine

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16
Q

What are the nicotinic and muscarinic effects on blood pressure?

A

Muscarinic: drop in BP
Nicotinic: increase in CP

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17
Q

What is the cardiovascular effect of Phenylephrine?

A

Increase in BP

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18
Q

What is the cardiovascular effect of Adrenaline?

A

Increase in BP

Increase in HR

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19
Q

What is the cardiovascular effect of Isoprenaline?

A

Increases HR

Decrease in BP

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20
Q

What can we say about comparing receptors of different individuals?

A

Receptor polymorphisms exist

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21
Q

From which segments of the spinal cord do parasympathetic fibres exit?

A

Cerival

Sacral

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22
Q

From which segments of the spinal cord do sympathetic fibres exit?

A

Thoracic

Lumbar

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23
Q

What are the sites for pharmacological manipulation?

A
  1. Action potential
  2. Synthesis
  3. Metabolism
  4. Storage
  5. Release
  6. Reuptake
  7. Breakdown
  8. Receptor interaction
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24
Q

Describe manipulation of action potential conductance

A

Na+ channel blockers

Local anaesthetic
Anti-epileptics

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25
Q

Describe manipulation of drug synthesis

A

L-DOPA
Carbidopa

Parkinson’s

26
Q

Describe manipulation of drug storage

A

Pseudoephedrine

Nasal decongestant

27
Q

Describe the mechanism of action of pseudoephedrine

A

Displaces NA in synaptic vesicles
NA enters synapse
NA acts on receptors
Vasoconstriction

28
Q

Describe the how Carbidopa is used to treat Parkinson’s

A

Stops conversion of L-DOPA to dopamine in the periphery

29
Q

Describe manipulation of drug metabolism

A

Moclobemide (MAO-I)

NA leak from the sympathetic neuron

Antidepressant

30
Q

Describe manipulation of neurotransmitter release

A

Botulinum toxin

SNARE proteins degraded

Dystonias
-Blepharospasm
Cosmetic

31
Q

Describe manipulation of neurotransmitter reuptake

A

Tricyclics
-Anti-depressants

Cocaine
- drug of abuse

32
Q

Describe manipulation of neurotransmitter degradation

A

Physostigmine

Myasthenia gravis

33
Q

What is the difference between organophosphates and physostigmine?

A

Physostigmine is reversible

34
Q

What is the drug in chemical weapons / nerve gases?

A

Organophosphates

Irreversible anti-cholinesterases

35
Q

How does Physostigmine treat Myasthenia gravis?

A

Stops breakdown of ACh so that there is a higher concentration in the synapse to counteract the fewer receptors on the motor end plate

36
Q

What is an agonist of B1 and B2 adrenoceptors?

A

Isoprenaline

37
Q

What is an antagonist of B1 and B2 adrenoceptors?

A

Propanolol

38
Q

What is an agonist of B1 adrenoceptors?

A

Dobutamine

39
Q

What is an agonist of B2 adrenoceptors?

A

Salbutamol

40
Q

What is an antagonist of B1 adrenoceptors?

A

Atenolol

41
Q

What does the engagement of B1 adrenoceptors lead to?

A

Increased HR and force of contraction

42
Q

When is dobutamine used?

A

Heart failure

43
Q

When is atenolol used?

A

Hypertension

44
Q

What does the engagement of B2 adrenoceptors lead to?

A

Relaxation of bronchial smooth muscle

45
Q

When is salbutamol used?

A

Asthma (restricted airways)

46
Q

Where are alpha adrenoceptors classically found?

A

Blood vessels

47
Q

What is an antagonist of a1 and a2 adrenoceptors?

A

Phentolamine

48
Q

What does the engagement of a1 adrenoceptors lead to?

A

Vasoconstriction

49
Q

When is phenylephrine used?

A

Nasal decongestant

50
Q

When is prazosin used?

A

Hypertension

51
Q

What is an agonist of a1 adrenoceptors?

A

Phenylephrine

52
Q

What is an antagonist of a1 adrenoceptors?

A

Prazosin

53
Q

Which drug is useful in glaucoma?

A

Pilocarpine

Muscarinic agonist

54
Q

What is atropine used for?

A
  • Dries up secretions pre-med for anaesthesia

- Bronchodilator

55
Q

When is d-turbocurarine used?

A

Pre-med for local anaesthesia

56
Q

Describe the function of carbidopa

A

Prevents conversion of Dopamine to L-DOPA in the periphery

This is used in combination with L-DOPA treatment in Parkinson’s, so that we don’t have too much L-DOPA in the periphery

57
Q

What is blepharospasm?

How can it be treated

A

Overactive blink response

The person is effectively blind, because the eyelids are constantly closed

BoTox, which prevents ACh release, and thus the skeletal muscle is paralysed.

58
Q

What is the classic beta-blocker drug?

A

Atenolol

B1-antagonist

59
Q

What is a very important drug for asthma?

A

Salbutamol

B2-agonist

60
Q

Which drug is important in heart failure?

A

Dobutamine

B1-agonist

61
Q

Which drugs are useful for hypertension?

A

Prazosin

A1-antagonist
–> vasodilation

62
Q

Which drugs are useful for nasal congestion?

A

Phenylephrine

a1-agonist
–> vasoconstriction

Pseudoephedrine
NA release

BIOM20002 - HSF (60 decks)

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