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BIOM20002 - HSF > Lecture 30 - Autonomic Pharmacology > Flashcards

Lecture 30 - Autonomic Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

Which conditions are associated with the lungs?

A 
Asthma
COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease)
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2
Q

Which conditions are associated with the vasculature?

A

Hypertension

Hypotension

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3
Q

Which conditions are associated with the eyes?

A

Glaucoma

Ocular examination

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4
Q

Which conditions are associated with the heart?

A

Angina
Heart Failure
Hypertension

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5
Q

Which conditions are associated with the GIT?

A

GI disorders

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6
Q

Which conditions are associated with the skeletal muscle?

A

Dystonias
Myasthenia gravis
Pre-anaesthetic muscle relaxation

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7
Q

Describe chemical transmission in the somatic nervous system

A

ACh - nAChR

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8
Q

Describe chemical transmission in the parasympathetic nervous system

A

I/ ACh - nAChR

II/ ACh - mAChR

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9
Q

Describe chemical transmission in the sympathetic nervous system

A

I/ ACh - nAChR

II/ NA - alpha and beta adrenoceptors

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10
Q

Describe the innervation of the adrenal glands

A

I/ ACh - nAChR

II/ Adrenaline - alpha and beta adrenoceptors

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11
Q

Describe innervation of sweat glands

A

(sympathetic)
I/ ACh - nAChR
II/ ACh - mAChR

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12
Q

What are the agonists of nAChR?

A

Nicotine

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13
Q

What is the agonist of mAChR?

A

Muscarine

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14
Q

What is an antagonist of nAChR?

A

d-Turbocurarine

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15
Q

What is an antagonist of mAChR?

A

Atropine

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16
Q

What are the nicotinic and muscarinic effects on blood pressure?

A

Muscarinic: drop in BP
Nicotinic: increase in CP

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17
Q

What is the cardiovascular effect of Phenylephrine?

A

Increase in BP

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18
Q

What is the cardiovascular effect of Adrenaline?

A

Increase in BP

Increase in HR

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19
Q

What is the cardiovascular effect of Isoprenaline?

A

Increases HR

Decrease in BP

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20
Q

What can we say about comparing receptors of different individuals?

A

Receptor polymorphisms exist

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21
Q

From which segments of the spinal cord do parasympathetic fibres exit?

A

Cerival

Sacral

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22
Q

From which segments of the spinal cord do sympathetic fibres exit?

A

Thoracic

Lumbar

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23
Q

What are the sites for pharmacological manipulation?

A
  1. Action potential
  2. Synthesis
  3. Metabolism
  4. Storage
  5. Release
  6. Reuptake
  7. Breakdown
  8. Receptor interaction
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24
Q

Describe manipulation of action potential conductance

A

Na+ channel blockers

Local anaesthetic
Anti-epileptics

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25
Describe manipulation of drug synthesis
L-DOPA Carbidopa Parkinson's
26
Describe manipulation of drug storage
Pseudoephedrine Nasal decongestant
27
Describe the mechanism of action of pseudoephedrine
Displaces NA in synaptic vesicles NA enters synapse NA acts on receptors Vasoconstriction
28
Describe the how Carbidopa is used to treat Parkinson's
Stops conversion of L-DOPA to dopamine in the periphery
29
Describe manipulation of drug metabolism
Moclobemide (MAO-I) NA leak from the sympathetic neuron Antidepressant
30
Describe manipulation of neurotransmitter release
Botulinum toxin SNARE proteins degraded Dystonias -Blepharospasm Cosmetic
31
Describe manipulation of neurotransmitter reuptake
Tricyclics -Anti-depressants Cocaine - drug of abuse
32
Describe manipulation of neurotransmitter degradation
Physostigmine Myasthenia gravis
33
What is the difference between organophosphates and physostigmine?
Physostigmine is reversible
34
What is the drug in chemical weapons / nerve gases?
Organophosphates | Irreversible anti-cholinesterases
35
How does Physostigmine treat Myasthenia gravis?
Stops breakdown of ACh so that there is a higher concentration in the synapse to counteract the fewer receptors on the motor end plate
36
What is an agonist of B1 and B2 adrenoceptors?
Isoprenaline
37
What is an antagonist of B1 and B2 adrenoceptors?
Propanolol
38
What is an agonist of B1 adrenoceptors?
Dobutamine
39
What is an agonist of B2 adrenoceptors?
Salbutamol
40
What is an antagonist of B1 adrenoceptors?
Atenolol
41
What does the engagement of B1 adrenoceptors lead to?
Increased HR and force of contraction
42
When is dobutamine used?
Heart failure
43
When is atenolol used?
Hypertension
44
What does the engagement of B2 adrenoceptors lead to?
Relaxation of bronchial smooth muscle
45
When is salbutamol used?
Asthma (restricted airways)
46
Where are alpha adrenoceptors classically found?
Blood vessels
47
What is an antagonist of a1 and a2 adrenoceptors?
Phentolamine
48
What does the engagement of a1 adrenoceptors lead to?
Vasoconstriction
49
When is phenylephrine used?
Nasal decongestant
50
When is prazosin used?
Hypertension
51
What is an agonist of a1 adrenoceptors?
Phenylephrine
52
What is an antagonist of a1 adrenoceptors?
Prazosin
53
Which drug is useful in glaucoma?
Pilocarpine | Muscarinic agonist
54
What is atropine used for?
- Dries up secretions pre-med for anaesthesia | - Bronchodilator
55
When is d-turbocurarine used?
Pre-med for local anaesthesia
56
Describe the function of carbidopa
Prevents conversion of Dopamine to L-DOPA in the periphery This is used in combination with L-DOPA treatment in Parkinson's, so that we don't have too much L-DOPA in the periphery
57
What is blepharospasm? | How can it be treated
Overactive blink response The person is effectively blind, because the eyelids are constantly closed BoTox, which prevents ACh release, and thus the skeletal muscle is paralysed.
58
What is the classic beta-blocker drug?
Atenolol B1-antagonist
59
What is a very important drug for asthma?
Salbutamol B2-agonist
60
Which drug is important in heart failure?
Dobutamine B1-agonist
61
Which drugs are useful for hypertension?
Prazosin A1-antagonist --> vasodilation
62
Which drugs are useful for nasal congestion?
Phenylephrine a1-agonist --> vasoconstriction Pseudoephedrine NA release

BIOM20002 - HSF (60 decks)

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