Lecture 66 - Female Reproductive System

Question 1

Describe the main structures of the female reproductive tract

Answer 1

Vagina
Uterus
Bladder
Rectum
Bones:
- pubis
- sacrum, coccyx
Pelvic floor: openings

Question 2

Where is the pelvis?

Answer 2

Area within the pelvic bones

Question 3

What is the pelvic diaphragm?

Answer 3

Pelvic floor
Supports the viscera in the pelvis
Separates the pelvis from the perineum
Attachments for the external genitalia

Question 4

Describe the anterior - posterior organisation of structures in the pelvis

Answer 4

Bladder
Uterus
Rectum

Question 5

What are the two triangles?

Answer 5

Anterior: Urogenital
Posterior: anal triangle

Question 6

Which muscle forms the pelvic diaphragm?

Answer 6

Levator ani muscle

Attaches at pelvic brim

Question 7

What are the holes in the pelvic diaphragm?

Answer 7

Anterior: Urogenital hiatus
- urethra
- vagina
Anal aperture
- anus

Question 8

What are the subdivisions of levator ani?

Answer 8

Puborectalis
Pubococcygeus
Iliococcygeus

Question 9

Describe the function of puborectalis

Answer 9

Tonically contracted

Forms a sling around the back on the anus
Contraction: pulls anus forwards and upwards –> kink, keeping anus closed

Question 10

Describe the structures superficial to the perineum

Answer 10

Perineal membrane

• NB only covers anterior urogenital triangle
• openings

Question 11

What is the deep perineal pouch?

Answer 11

Contains skeletal muscle for sphincters of:

• urethra
• vagina opening

Question 12

Where is the deep perineal pouch?

Answer 12

*

Question 13

Describe how damage can occur to the pelvic floor, and which structures are at risk

Answer 13

During childbirth

• perineum
• levator ani
• perineal fascia
• pubococcygeus
• pubrectalis

Question 14

What happens after damage to pelvic floor

Answer 14

Urinary stress incontinence
Prolapse of uterus
Faecal incontinence

Question 15

What is the inner lining of the uterus?

Answer 15

Endometrium
- very vascularised

Shed during menstrual cycle

Question 16

Draw and label the uterus and vagina

Answer 16

Slide 8

Fallopian tube
Fundus
Body
Cervix
Fomix
Vagina

Question 17

What are the parts of the uterine tubes?

Answer 17

Infundibulum
Ampulla
Isthmus

Fimbria

Question 18

Where are the ovaries located?

Answer 18

In the peritoneal cavity

Intraperitoneal

Question 19

Describe the walls of thr uterus

Answer 19

Thick

Muscular

Question 20

What is the cervix?

Answer 20

Opening of the uterus into the vagina

Question 21

Where is the uterus located?

Draw this

Answer 21

Anteverted to vagina

Antiflexed over bladder

Slide 9

Question 22

Which structures support the uterus?

Answer 22

The bladder posteriorally

Question 23

What happens when the uterus is displaced?

Answer 23

Retroverted
Retroflexed

Uterus in same plane as vagina
–> Prolapse of uterus through vagina

Question 24

How does the ovary attach to uterus?

Answer 24

Ligament of ovary

Question 25

Where are the oocytes release from?

Answer 25

Lateral pole of the ovary

Near fimbriae and Infundibula

Question 26

Describe the blood supply of the uterus and the vagina

Answer 26

Ovarian vessels (from abdo. aorta)
Uterine vessels
Vaginal vessels

Many anastamoses

Question 27

Where does fertilisation occur?

Answer 27

Ampulla of fallopian tubes

Question 28

Where does implantation occur?

Answer 28

Into the wall of the body of uterus

Question 29

What is ectopic pregnancy?

Answer 29

Implantation in a different location:

• Tubal (in fallopian tubes)
• Infundibular
• Ovarian
• Abdominal

Question 30

What happens in tubal ectopic pregnancy?

Answer 30

Not enough space
Rupture of fallopian tubules and vasculature
Serious haemorrhage

Question 31

Describe the inferior part of the peritoneum

Answer 31

Peritoneal folds

Folds down into the spaces between pelvic viscera

Question 32

What are the two pouches of the peritoneum?

Answer 32

Vesicouterine pouch
(between bladder and uterus)

Rectouterine pounch
(between rectum and uterus)

Question 33

Where can fluid accumulate in the pelvis?

Answer 33

Rectouterine pouch

Question 34

What is the name for the mesentery of the ovary?

Answer 34

Broad ligament

Question 35

Describe the position of the ovaries relative to the uterus

Answer 35

Ovaries are posterior

Question 36

What do the female external genitalia attach to?

Answer 36

Perineal membrane

Pubic

Question 37

What is the erectile tissue in a female made up of?

Answer 37

Corpora cavernosa
Two bulbs of vestibule
Glans clitoris

Question 38

Describe the location of the clitoris

Answer 38

Anterior to urethra

Exposed (not covered by skin)

Question 39

Where are the greater vestibular glands located?

Answer 39

Posterior to bulbs

Question 40

What is the function of the greater vestibular glands?

Answer 40

Secrete mucous during arousal for lubrication

Question 41

What are the external muscles?

Answer 41

Ischiocavernosus

Bulbospongiosis

Question 42

What is the role of these external muscles?

Answer 42

Push blood anteriorally to body and glans clitoris

Question 43

What is the pudendum?

Answer 43

aka Vulva

Erectile tissues + overlying skin

Question 44

What are the two folds of skin?

What do they surround?

Answer 44

Labia minora

Surround the vestibule

Question 45

What are the two parts of the labia?

Answer 45

Minora

Majora