Lecture 49 - Nasal Cavity, Larynx, Pharynx Flashcards by Eleanor Nicklason

Describe the cells in the nasal cavity

Ciliated
Mucous
Highly vascular

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are the main structures?

Oral cavity
Larynx
Pharynx
Nasal cavity

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What things can damage the cilia on the respiratory epithelium?

Smoking

- paralyses the cilia

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Why is the respiratory epithelium highly vascular?

Warming the air before it gets to the lower respiratory tract

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the front part of the nose called?

What lines it?

Vestibule

Skin: tough and protective
Hair

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Where are the turbinates?

On the lateral walls of the nasal cavity

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Where does phonation occur?

Which structures are also important for sound?

Produced in the larynx (voice box)

Nasal and oral cavity important for shaping the sound

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are the names of the turbinates?

Superior concha
Middle concha
Inferior concha

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is an important function of the turbinates?

Turbulence: exposing the air to the warm vasculature for longer

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

In the nasal cavity empty?

Much of the space is taken up by the conchi

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the general name of the holes in the bone in the face?

Why do we have them?

Paranasal sinuses

Makes the head lighter

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is nasal congestion?

Vasodilation and mucous production, blocking the nasal cavity

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are the names of the space under the concha?

Superior meatus
Middle meatus
Inferior meatus

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are the para nasal sinuses?

Name them

Spaces in bone around the nasal cavity

Frontal sinus
Ethmoid sinuses (many of them)
Sphenoid sinus
Maxillary sinus

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What lines the sinuses?

What does this mean?

Continuous mucosa from nasal cavity

Mucous
Vascular

–> inflammation, infection, pain –> sinusitis

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Is it easy for bacteria to migrate up into the para nasal sinuses?

Frontal, ethmoid, sphenoid
The sinuses drain down into the nasal cavity

Maxillary:
Opening to the nasal cavity high up in the sinus –> easier for bacteria to migrate into sinus. Difficult to drain (against gravity)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Why does the top nostril clear out when lying on one’s side?

The top nostril will drain down into the bottom nostril under gravity

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the function of the oral cavity?

Gastrointestinal tract

Breathing (if the nose is congested)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are the boundaries of the oral cavity?

Anterior: Lips
Superior: Hard palate (maxilla and palatine bone), soft palate (muscles), uvula
Inferior: Mandible, Mylohyloid muscle, Tongue
Teeth

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Describe the function of the tongue

Shaping the bolus
Speech
Taste

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Describe the external structure of the tongue

Anterior 2/3rd

Posterior 1/3

Groove: sulcus terminalis

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Describe the structure of the anterior 2/3rds

Papillae:

• Vallate papillae
- just anterior to sulcus terminalis
• fungiform papillae
• filiform papillae
• foliate papillae

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Describe the posterior 1/3 of the tongue

Lingual tonsils

Describe the structure of the papilla

Taste buds found deep in the folds of the papillae

What gives tongues rough appearance? Describe them

Filiform papillae | • No taste buds

What are the two categories of tongue muscles?

1\ Extrinsic Origin: outside the tongue Insertion: on tongue - pull the tongue around in the oral cavity 2\ Intrinsic Confined within the tongue

Describe the function of the intrinsic muscles of the tongue

Change the shape of the tongue Don't change the position of the tongue

Describe the teeth arrangement

On one side * 2 incisors * 1 canine * 2 premolars * 3 molars

When do teeth erupt?

Childhood: All teeth apart from third molar Wisdom teeth: 18+ (third molar)

Why are wisdom teeth removed?

The other teeth erupt much earlier and take up all the space in the mouth Thus, the wisdom teeth grow laterally and encroach on the other teeth

Describe the bony structure of the the larynx

``` • Hyoid bone Cartilaginous skeleton: • epiglottis • thyroid cartilage • cricoid cartilage ```

Where is the larynx?

At the top of the trachea

How is sound produced?

Adduction of vocal ligament

How is the vocal ligament moved?

Intrinsic muscles of larynx | Swivelling of the arytenoid cartilage

Describe the position of the vocal ligament when breathing

Abduction of vocal ligament

What covers the vocal cords? What does this form?

Mucosa • vestibular fold • vocal fold

What does the mylohyloid ligament do?

Connects mandible to the hyoid bone

What does the vocal ligament connect to posteriorally?

Arytenoid cartilage

What is the function of the pharynx? | How is it achieved?

* Constrictor muscles * Contract sequentially to close off nasal, oral cavities and larynx * During swallowing

What are the parts of the pharynx

Nasopharynx Oropharynx Laryngopharynx

What are the adenoids? Where are they?

Pharyngeal tonsils | • lateral wall of the nasopharynx

What are the muscles of the pharynx?

Superior constrictor muscle Medial constrictor muscle Inferior constrictor muscle

Where does the middle ear connect to? Why?

Middle ear connects via Auditory Tube into the lateral wall of the Nasopharynx Equalising pressure in the middle ear (Eg. During plane journeys)

What are THE tonsils?

Palatine tonsils

What happens when the palatine tonsils are inflamed?

Impact on the space at the back of mouth | Pain during eating and swallowing

What is the function of the immune tissue in the mouth?

Don't know really Important early in life for priming the immune system

What is the name the cheek bone?

Maxilla

Where is the arytenoid cartilage?

Sitting on top of the posterior part of the cricoid cartilage

What is located either side of the laryngeal inlet? | What is its function?

Piriform recess Water flow into it instead of going into the laryngeal inlet

Describe generally the muscles of the pharynx

Three groups of constrictors Constrict sequentially to block off the nose, mouth and larynx

What is the name of the connection between the laryngopharynx and the larynx?

Laryngeal inlet

What is the name of the oropharynx directly behind the oral cavity?

Fauces

What are the true and false vocal ligaments

True: vocal fold False: vestibular fold

What covers the vocal ligament?

Mucosa; forming the vestibular fold

Talk about some mechanisms that prevent aspiration of food and water

* Epiglottis pushed down by bolus (not a perfect seal) * Whole larynx moves up when swallowing (good seal) * Piriform recess: 'escape route' for water that isn't heavy enough to push down epiglottis

Describe the boundaries of the nasopharynx

Roof: sphenoid bone & pharyngeal tonsils (adenoids) Lateral wall: auditory tube Floor: uvula Posterior wall: superior constrictor

Describe the boundaries of the oropharynx

Roof: soft palate and uvula Posterior wall: Fauces Floor: epiglottis and lingual tonsils Lateral wall: palatine tonsils