Lecture 17 - Skeletal System Flashcards
What are the four most common types of bone into which most bones can be classified
Long
Short
Flat
Irregular
What is the major division of the skeleton?
Axial
Appendicular
What are accessory bones?
These are evolutionary relics that appear as anomalies
What are sesamoid bones?
These are bones that are embedded in tendon
Eg. Patella
What are pneumatic bones?
These are bones that have been hollowed out during development to reduce the weight.
Eg. The skull and the sinuses of the face
What are the articular surfaces of the bone?
These are the regions that interact with other bones
What are the general features of long bones?
- Proximal and Distal end
- Shaft
- Articular surfaces
What is the function of the periosteum?
Rich blood and nerve supply
What are the two layers of the periosteum?
Inner: osteogenic
Outer: fibrous
What is the function of the endosteum?
Osteogenic
What are the different densities of bone?
Cancellous: spongy, holes
Compact: very dense
What and where is the medullary cavity?
It is the cavity in the shaft of the bone
Red and yellow bone marrow are found here
What is the different between red and yellow marrow?
Red: hematopoetic
Yellow: present in older people
There are no nerves inside the bone, yet when a bone is fractured, it is painful. Account for this
The pain comes from the tearing of the periosteum, which has a rich nerve supply
Differentiate between increasing width and length of bone
Increasing the width: inner periosteum and the endosteum
Increasing length: epiphysial line