Lecture 23 - Upper Limb 2 Flashcards
What are some general roles of fascia?
Deep fascia: surround individual muscles as well as muscle compartments
Fascial septa: separate compartments
What are the names of the fascia of the arm and forearm?
Arm: brachial fascia
Forearm: antebrachial
What are fascia made up of?
Fibrous connective tissue
What is the name of the fascia between the radius and the ulna
Interosseus membrane
What is the role of the interosseus membrane?
Separate flexor and extensor compartments
Provides muscle attachments
Holds these two bones together
Distribution of forces (ie during a fall)
What is the name of the things that form the roof of the ‘carpal tunnel’?
Flexor retinaculum
What is contained in the carpal tunnel ?
Tendons of the flexor muscles
Median nerve
Which muscles of the back are the prime movers of the shoulder girdle and shoulder joint?
Rhomboids
Levator scapulae
Trapezius
Latissimus dorsi
Which anterior muscles act on the upper limbs?
Pectoralis major
Pectoralis minor
Serratus anterior
What is the role of serratus anterior?
Holds the scapulae to the body wall
What are the shoulder/ fixator muscles?
Deltoid
Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Subscapularis
Which movements does pectoralis major bring about?
Powerful flexion of the shoulder
What are the muscles in the anterior compartment of the arm?
Biceps
Brachialis
Coracobrachialis
What are the muscles of the posterior compartment of the arm?
Triceps
What action do the muscles in the anterior compartment of the forearm bring about?
Flexion
What action do the muscles in the posterior compartment of the forearm bring about?
Extension
What are the two layers of muscles in the forearm?
Deep, intermediate and superficial
Where is the common flexor origin of muscles in the forearm?
Medial epichondyle
What are the superficial muscles of the forearm?
pronator teres (PT)*
Flexor carpi radialis (FCR)
Palmaris longus (PL)
Flexor carpi ulnaris (FCU)
What are the muscles in the intermediate layer of the forearm?
Flexor digitum superficialis
Movement of the fingers is due to the … Muscle.
How do the tendons come into each individual finger?
Flexor digitum superficialis
The tendon from the FDS splits before entering
What are the deep muscles of the forearm?
flexor pollicis (thumb) longus (FPL) flexor digitorum profundus (FDP) pronator quadratus (PQ)
Where is the common extensor origin of the muscles of the forearm?
Lateral epichondyle
Muscles in which layer of the forearm are longer?
Muscles in the superficial layer
How many layers of muscle are there in the posterior compartment of the forearm?
Two
What is the function of the ‘extensor carpi’ muscles?
Extend the wrist
What is the function of the ‘extensor digitorum’ muscles?
Extension of the digits
What are the general functions of the muscles in the superficial layer of the anterior compartment of the forearm?
Extension of the fingers and wrist
What are the general functions of the muscles in the deep layer of the posterior compartment of the forearm?
Supination
Extension and abductor of thumb
Extension of index finger
Where are the muscles that perform pronation?
There are two muscles:
In the deep and superficial layers of the posterior compartment of the forearm
What is the general functions of the muscles in the deep layer of the anterior compartment of the forearm?
- Flexion of the thumb and fingers
- pronation
How can there be flexion of the fingers whilst maintaining extension of the wrist if it is the same muscle bringing about flexion across all these joints?
Synergist
Extensor muscle in the posterior compartment that only extends the wrist
What is the role of the intrinsic muscles of the hand?
Fine tuning of movements of thumb and fingers
Where do the intrinsic muscles of the hands originate?
Flexor retinaculum
What is the name for the thumb muscles?
What movements can these muscles bring about?
Thenar muscles
- flexion
- extension
- adduction
- abduction
- rotation (opposition)
What is the name for the muscles of the little fingers?
Hypothenar muscles
What are lumbricals?
Muscles of the digits intrinsic to the hand