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BIOM20002 - HSF > Lecture 12 - Muscles > Flashcards

Lecture 12 - Muscles Flashcards

0
Q

Differentiate between the different types of movement

A

Flexion - Extension
Abduction - Adduction
Rotation, medial and lateral

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1
Q

Differentiate between the different planes of the body

A

Coronal
Sagittal
Horizontal

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2
Q 
What are the three different types of muscle?
Sate whether they are:
- voluntary / involuntary
- striated / not
- somatic / visceral
A

Cardiac
Skeletal
Smooth

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3
Q

Describe the connective tissue layers in muscle

A

Epimyseum
Perimyseum
Endomyseum

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4
Q

What are the three general parts of a muscle?

A
  • belly
  • origin
  • insertion
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5
Q

What are the muscle ‘attachments’?

A

The origin and the insertion

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6
Q

What are muscle attachments made of?

A

May be fleshy or tendinius

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7
Q

Compare the arrangement of collagen fibres in tendons and ligaments

A

Tendons: parallel bundles of collagen fibres
Ligaments: bundles are more like a meshwork

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8
Q

Muscles can be many different shapes. List a few

A 
Triangular
Rhomboid
Circular
Strap
Quadrate
Fusiform
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9
Q

What is the difference between parallel and oblique muscle?

A

Parallel: length proportional to the range of movement of muscle

Oblique: power proportional to the mass

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10
Q

What are muscle compartments?

A

These contain muscles who all perform the same kind of movement.

For example, in the upper arm, there if the flexor compartment laterally and the extensor compartment medially

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11
Q

What are muscle compartments separated by?

A

Fascia

Septa

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12
Q

What is the function of a tendon?

A

Resist and transmit forces

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13
Q

What is a tendon sheath?

A

It is a covering over the tendon.

Its role is to protect the tendon where friction may pccur

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14
Q

Where a some tendon sheaths found?

A

I the hands and fingers

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15
Q

Tendon sheaths are susceptible to …

A

Infection

16
Q

What is tenosynovitis?

A

It is inflammation of a tendon sheath due to repeated action

17
Q

What are retinacula?

A

They form a compartment for nerves, blood vessels, tendons

These protect and hold tendons in position, preventing them from losing tension

18
Q

Where are some retinacula found?

A

Wrist

Ankle

19
Q

What are the different types of contraction of muscle?

A

Concentric
Isometric
Eccentric

20
Q

What is eccentric contraction?

A

The muscle lengthens

Gently lowering a heavy object

21
Q

What is isometric contraction?

A

The muscle stays the same length

Trying to move a fixed object

22
Q

What is concentric contraction?

Give an example

A

The muscle shortens

Picking up a heavy object

23
Q

What is the relationship between prime movers and antagonists?

A

Prime movers: responsible for a particular action

Antagonists: obstruct a particular action

24
Q

What do synergists do?

A

They help muscles.

Eg in finger flexion, there may be unwanted flexion. The synergists help it to produce stronger finger flexion

25
Q

What is another name for stabiliser muscles?

A

Fixators

26
Q

What do fixators / stabilisers do?

A

They stabilise a joint to prevent excessive movement

27
Q

Give an example of a stabiliser

A

Rotator cuff

28
Q

What are the four ‘functional’ classifications of muscles?

A

Prime mover
Antagonist
Synergist
Fixator

29
Q

How are muscle injuries characterised?

A

Severity

Location

30
Q

What are the gradients for muscle injury?

A

Type I
Type II
Type III

31
Q

What are the different locations that muscle injury can occur?

A

Belly
Musculotendinous junction
Tendon

32
Q

What sort of injuries are commonly seen in children?

A

Avulsion fractures

The muscle is stronger than the bone, and excessive force in the muscle causes a break in the bone at the weakest spot

33
Q

What other types of muscles are prone to injury?

A

Muscles that cross two joints

34
Q

Describe the various parts of the nerve supply to muscles

A
  • Hilum: motor fibres
  • Sensory afferent
  • Sympathetic fibres to the vasculature of the muscle
35
Q

Muscle can be invaded by …

A

Fat
Connective tissue
Bone

BIOM20002 - HSF (60 decks)

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