Lecture 4 - Nervous System II Flashcards
What is the difference between ganglia and nuclei? What are they?
These are groups of cell bodies
Nuclei: CNS
Ganglia: PNS
What is the difference between a nerve and a tract?
Nerve in the PNS
Tract in the CNS
Are peripheral nerves made up of afferent or efferent neurons?
Mixed.
However, they split as the nerve approaches the spinal cord.
Afferents enter via the dorsal route
Efferents exit via ventral route
What is the role of the autonomic nervous system?
Unconscious homeostatic control of organs and systems
Eg. Stomach, urinary system etc
What are the two neurons in the dogma of the autonomic nervous system?
Where do they communicate?
Pre-synaptic and post-synaptic
In ganglia
Describe the pathway that autonomic pre-synaptic sympathetic neurons take when exiting the spinal cord
Originate in lateral horn Exit via ventral route White communicating ramus Ascend or descend sympathetic chain ganglion Synapse in ganglion Grey communicating ramus Organ
Which regions do sympathetic neurons exit the spinal cord from?
Thoraco-lumbar
Which sections of the CNS do parasympathetic neurons exit the spinal cord?
Cranio-sacral
Describe the outflow of parasympathetic neurons from the spinal cord and how they connect with the post-synaptic neurons
Originate in lateral horn
Exit via ventral route
Synapse with the post-synaptic cell in the ganglia in or very close to the target organ
How is the gastrointestinal tract innervated?
The enteric nervous system
What is the diencephalon made up of?
Thalamus and hypothalamus
What are the three ‘horns’ in the spinal cord?
Dorsal
Ventral
Lateral
Where are sensory and motor function of the spinal cord each located?
Sensory: dorsal horn
Motor: ventral horn
To get from the spinal cord to the Brain, a d vice versa, all neurons must pass through…
The brain stem
Where is the cerebellum located?
It is attached to the brain stem by cerebellum peduncles
