Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BIOL 204 > Lecture 20 -- review questions > Flashcards

Lecture 20 -- review questions Flashcards

1
Q

which region of the small intestine receives the chyme?

A

duodenum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

which region of the small intestine receives the pancreatic juice and bile?

A

duodenum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is the main function of the duodenum?

A

acts as mixing bowl

–> neutralize acidic chyme

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

how is the acidic chyme neutralized in the duodenum?

A

duodenal glands secrete bicarbonate-rich mucus
–> neutralizes stomach acid
–> inactivates pepsin
–> stops protein breakdown

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

in which part of the small intestine does most nutrient digestion and absorption occur?

A

jejunum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is the function of the ileum?

A

absorb Vitamin B12

reabsorb bile salts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what are Peyer’s patches, and where are they found?

A

lymphoid follicles, mainly comprised of B-cells

found in jejunum and ileum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is the ileocecal valve (ileal papilla), and where is it found?

A

sphincter that controls flow from ileum (small intestine) to cecum (large intestine)

ileum (sm intestine) –> cecum (lar intestine)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

where is the pyloric sphincter found? what does it control?

A

pyloric sphincter

stomach –> duodenum

controls passage of chyme from stomach to duodenum of small intestine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

which 2 types of motility does the small intestine have?

A

peristalsis – slow-propulsion

segmentation – promotes mechanical breakdown and mixing of chyme w/ digestive juices and bile

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what common advantages do circular folds, villi, and microvilli provide to the digestive process?

A

increase surface area of small intestine that promote digestion and nutrient absorption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what 3 structures increase the absorptive surface area of the small intestine?

A

circular folds

villi

microvilli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what 2 kinds of epithelial cells cover a villus?

A

enterocytes – absorptive cells

goblet cells – secrete mucus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what can you find inside of a villus?

A

lacteal –> lymphatic capillary

blood capillaries

vein

artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is another name for absorptive cells?

A

enterocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is another name for intestinal glands?

A

intestinal crypts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what makes up the brush border in the small intestine?

A

microvilli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what are the 5 major types of cells found in the mucosal epithelium of the intestinal crypts?

A

(1) enteroendocrine cells

(2) stem cells

(3) paneth cells

(4) enterocytes

(5) goblet cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what is the role of the enterocytes covering the villi in the small intestine?

A

absorbe nutrients and electrolytes

20
Q

what is the role of the enterocytes covering the crypts in the small intestine?

A

secretion of the intestinal juice (water w/ mucus)

21
Q

what 2 factor stimulate the secretion of intestinal juice by the enterocytes?

A

hypertonic and acidic chyme

hypertonic – from high [ ] of solutes coming from stomach

acidic – from low pH from stomach

22
Q

where are Paneth cells found?

A

bottom of intestinal crypts

23
Q

what do Paneth cells release?

A

release antimicrobial agents

24
Q

what organ secretes the hormones CCK and secretin?

A

enteroendocrine cells in the small intestine

25
Q

what are the 2 main functions of the large intestine?

A

absorb important vitamins generated by bacterial action

absorbs water and compact intestinal contents into feces

26
Q

why does the large intestine have a vast number of goblet cells?

A

large intestine needs to have a lot of mucus
- ease passage of feces
- protects the intestinal wall from irritating acids and gases released by resident bacteria

27
Q

what are the regions of the (small and large) intestines in order?

A

duodenum
jejunum
ileum
cecum
ascending colon
transverse colon
descending colon
sigmoid colon
rectum
anal canal

28
Q

where is the (vermiform) appendix located?

A

attached to the cecum

29
Q

what is taenia coli?

A

3 bands of longitudinal muscle in muscularis –> shorter than large intestine –> cause large intestine wall to pucker –> make pocket-like sacs (Haustra)

30
Q

where does taenia coli come from? (specific layer of the wall)

A

muscularis externa layer (longitudinal muscle) of the large intestine

31
Q

where are the taenia coli found in the digestive tract? (organ)

A

large intestine

32
Q

where are haustra found in the digestive tract?

A

large intestine

33
Q

what forms haustra in the large intestine?

A

taenia coli are shorter than large intestine but run along walls of larger intestine

–> pucker the muscularis externa layer of the large intestine

34
Q

what are Omental appendages?

A

sacs of fat in the serosa

35
Q

where are Omental appendages found in the digestive tract?

A

serosa

36
Q

what are haustral contractions, and where are they produced?

A

segmentation (churning) in the large intestine

37
Q

what is the function of haustral contractions?

A

bring chyme in close contact with mucosa to maximize water, electrolyte absorption

38
Q

which stimulus promotes haustral contractions?

A

distension of a haustrum with feces stimulates it to contract
–> passes the residue distally to another haustrum

39
Q

what are “mass movements,” and where are they produced?

A

slow, powerful contractions that move undigested waste over large areas from colon –> rectum for defecation

40
Q

what is the function of the mass movements or mass perstalsis?

A

move undigested waste over large areas from colon –> rectum for defecation

41
Q

what sphincters are found in the anal canal?

which one can you control?

A

internal anal sphincter

external anal sphincter

you can control external anal sphincter

42
Q

which type of muscle is the internal anal sphincter made of, smooth or skeletal?

A

smooth

43
Q

which type of muscle is the external anal sphincter made of, smooth or skeletal?

A

skeletal

44
Q

what is the anus?

A

exit of the anal canal

45
Q

what is the gut microbiome?

A

over 800 species of enteric bacteria in the large intestine

consist of bacteria, fungi, parasites, and viruses

microbes that are both helpful and potentially harmful

46
Q

what is the importance of the gut microbiome? (indicate their functions in the intestines)

A

prevent overgrowth of harmful bacteria by competing for nutrients

digest cellulose, pectin, and other plan polysaccharides that we can digest –> we absorb the resulting sugars

47
Q

which organ of the alimentary canal contains the highest concentration of enteric bacteria?

A

large intestine

BIOL 204 (35 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions