Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BIOL 204 > Lecture 14 > Flashcards

Lecture 14 Flashcards

1
Q

which structures increase the absorptive area of proximal convoluted tubule cells?

A

Microvilli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

In the kidney, the process by which fluid and solutes from the tubular fluid are reclaimed and returned to the blood is called tubular ______.

A

reabsorption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Sodium is transported into the cells of the PCT by a protein that simultaneously moves it and another solute in the same direction. This type of transport protein is called a(n) ______.

A

symport

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

The PCT reabsorbs water at a constant rate known as what?

A

Obligatory water reabsorption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

The accumulation of reabsorbed fluid on the basal side of the epithelial cells creates a high tissue fluid pressure that drives water ______ the peritubular capillaries.

A

into

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Which region of the nephron is adapted for reabsorption, as seen in its length and prominent microvilli?

A

Proximal convoluted tubule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

When the transporters within the proximal convoluted tubule are saturated and no additional solute can be reabsorbed,which of the following has been reached?

A

Transport maximum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Where does most tubular reabsorption take place?

A

In the proximal convoluted tubule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is tubular secretion? (explain)

A

renal tubule extracts chemicals from capillary blood and secretes them into tubular fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is tubular secretion?

A

The movement of water and solutes from the blood into the tubular fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

An antiport transports sodium into the cells of the PCT while pumping hydrogen ions out. What hormone activates this transport?

A

Angiotensin II

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Choose all the solutes that are reabsorbed from the nephron loop.

  • potassium ions
  • sodium ions
  • glucose and amino acids
  • water
  • chloride
A

Na+, K+, Cl-

Potassium ions
Sodium ions
Chloride

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Water is reabsorbed through specialized water channels called ______.

A

aquaporins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Choose all the hormones that regulate the amount of water and salt reabsorbed by the DCT and collecting duct.

  • epinephrine
  • antidiuretic hormone
  • aldosterone
  • natriuretic peptides
  • angiotensin converting enzyme
A

aldosterone
natriuretic peptides
antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
parathyroid hormone (PTH)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the mechanisms of peritubular capillary absorption?

A

Osmosis and solvent drag

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Which defines the transport maximum?

A

It is the upper limit of the rate solute can be reabsorbed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

the hormone ___ causes increased reabsorption of sodium (and the water that follows) and secretion of potassium from the later segments of the renal tubule.

A

aldosterone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Aspirin, penicillin, and other drugs are cleared from the blood via the kidneys by which of the following processes?

A

tubular secretion

19
Q

why does the heart secrete natriuretic peptides?

A

heart secretes natriuretic peptides in response to high BP

natriuretic peptides lower BP

excrete more salt and water in urine –> reduce blood volume and pressure

20
Q

what are the effects of atrial natriuretic peptides?

A

1) dilate afferent arteriole and constrict efferent arteriole –> increase GFR

2) antagonize the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone mechanism by inhibiting renin and aldosterone secretion

3) inhibit the secretion of antidiuretic hormone and its action on the kidney

4) inhibit NaCl reabsorption by the collecting duct

21
Q

Which leads to an increased secretion of natriuretic peptides?

A

increased blood pressure

22
Q

The primary function of the nephron loop is to generate a medullary extracellular fluid (ECF) osmotic gradient that allows for what?

A

The concentration of urine

23
Q

Antidiuretic hormone is secreted in response to _____.

A

dehydration
loss of blood volume
rising blood osmolarity

24
Q

What is the primary function of the distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct?

A

The reabsorption of water and salts

25
Q

What is the role of the collecting ducts?

A

To adjust the concentration of urine

26
Q

The accumulation of reabsorbed fluid on the basal side of the epithelial cells creates a high tissue fluid pressure that drives water ______ the peritubular capillaries.

A

into

27
Q

Antidiuretic hormone increases water permeability of the collecting ducts by altering the number and location of membrane proteins called ______.

A

aquaporins

28
Q

Which renal tubule segments are influenced by aldosterone?

A

aldosterone acts on:
- thick segment of the ascending limb of the nephron loop
- DCT
- cortical portion of the collecting duct

29
Q

Which renal tubule segments are influenced by aldosterone?
- collecting duct
- proximal convoluted tubule
- ascending limb of nephron loop
- descending limb of nephron loop
- distal convoluted tubule

A

Collecting duct
Ascending limb of nephron loop
Distal convoluted tubule

30
Q

The ___ loop of the nephron acts as a countercurrent multiplier.

A

nephron

31
Q

Which is an effect of atrial natriuretic peptide?

A

Decreased sodium reabsorption

32
Q

The hormone that makes the collecting duct more permeable to water, thus increasing its reabsorption, is ______.

A

ADH

33
Q

What is the importance of the medullary ECF osmolarity gradient?

A

It allows the production of very concentrated urine.

34
Q

Hormones can alter the amount of water reabsorbed during urine production, allowing the production of either concentrated or dilute urine. This is the role of the ___ duct.

A

collecting

35
Q

How does the ascending limb of the nephron loop shift sodium, potassium, and chloride into the ECF?

A

Active transport

36
Q

How does antidiuretic hormone affect the permeability of the collecting ducts to water?

A

It increases their permeability.

37
Q

The salts in the medullary ECF were transported from which limb of the nephron loop?

A

Ascending

38
Q

Which segment of the renal tubule acts as a countercurrent multiplier?

A

nephron loop

39
Q

Which leads to an increased secretion of natriuretic peptides?

A

Increased blood pressure

40
Q

The osmolarity of the ECF deep in the renal medulla is ______ than that of the ECF of the renal cortex.

A

higher

41
Q

As fluid flows down the water-permeable descending limb of the nephron loop, the osmolarity of the tubular fluid is ______.

A

increasing

42
Q

What is the source of the salts that contribute to the high osmolarity of the medullary ECF?

A

The active transport of Na+, K+, and Cl- from the ascending limb of nephron loop

43
Q

The ___ loop of the nephron acts as a countercurrent multiplier.

A

nephron

44
Q

How does the ascending limb of the nephron loop shift sodium, potassium, and chloride into the ECF?

A

Active transport

BIOL 204 (35 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions