Lecture 15 Flashcards
The color of urine varies based on the body’s state of ______.
hydration
Patients with poorly controlled diabetes mellitus may have urine with the odor of which of the following?
Acetone
The more concentrated the urine, the ______ its specific gravity.
higher
What is the normal pH of urine?
Slightly acidic
Which of the following describes the ureters?
They convey urine from each kidney to the bladder.
The color of urine is due to the presence of a pigment called ______, produced during the breakdown of hemoglobin.
urochrome
As urine stands, it develops a pungent odor due to the degradation of what?
Urea to ammonia
Which is a muscular sac on the floor of the pelvic cavity, inferior to the peritoneum and posterior to the pubic symphysis?
Bladder
The ratio of the density of a substance to the density of water is called its ___ gravity
specific
What is the normal range for the pH of urine?
4.5-8.2
Urine is conveyed out of the body by a tube called the ___
urethra
The renal pelvis of each kidney funnels urine into a tube called a ___
ureter
What is the internal urethral sphincter is composed of?
Smooth muscle
Which of the following describes the appearance of normal urine?
Pale yellow and transparent
Filling of the bladder stimulates stretch receptors that, in turn, trigger which reflex?
Micturition – the act of urination
The openings of the ureters and the urethra mark a triangular area within the urinary bladder called the ______.
trigone
What effect do fibers from the micturition center in the brain have on the sympathetic neurons that control the internal urethral sphincter?
They inhibit them
sympathetic nerves cause internal sphincter to relax and open
The more concentrated the urine, the ______ its specific gravity.
higher
Newborns need diapers because voluntary control of which urethral sphincter has not matured yet?
external
Which describes the urethra?
It conveys urine from the bladder out of the body.
As the urethra passes through the pelvic floor, it is encircled by which urethral sphincter?
External
The process of urination, or voiding urine is called ______.
micturition
Input from stretch receptors in the bladder wall ascend the spinal cord to which center in the pons?
Micturition
Which urethral sphincter is under voluntary control?
External
What effect do fibers from the micturition center in the brain have on the sympathetic neurons that control the internal urethral sphincter?
They inhibit them
sympathetic neurons usually keep the internal urethral sphincter constricted –> inhibit them to allow for urination
