Lecture 15

Question 1

The color of urine varies based on the body’s state of ______.

Answer 1

hydration

Question 2

Patients with poorly controlled diabetes mellitus may have urine with the odor of which of the following?

Answer 2

Acetone

Question 3

The more concentrated the urine, the ______ its specific gravity.

Answer 3

higher

Question 4

What is the normal pH of urine?

Answer 4

Slightly acidic

Question 5

Which of the following describes the ureters?

Answer 5

They convey urine from each kidney to the bladder.

Question 6

The color of urine is due to the presence of a pigment called ______, produced during the breakdown of hemoglobin.

Answer 6

urochrome

Question 7

As urine stands, it develops a pungent odor due to the degradation of what?

Answer 7

Urea to ammonia

Question 8

Which is a muscular sac on the floor of the pelvic cavity, inferior to the peritoneum and posterior to the pubic symphysis?

Answer 8

Bladder

Question 9

The ratio of the density of a substance to the density of water is called its ___ gravity

Answer 9

specific

Question 10

What is the normal range for the pH of urine?

Answer 10

4.5-8.2

Question 11

Urine is conveyed out of the body by a tube called the ___

Answer 11

urethra

Question 12

The renal pelvis of each kidney funnels urine into a tube called a ___

Answer 12

ureter

Question 13

What is the internal urethral sphincter is composed of?

Answer 13

Smooth muscle

Question 14

Which of the following describes the appearance of normal urine?

Answer 14

Pale yellow and transparent

Question 15

Filling of the bladder stimulates stretch receptors that, in turn, trigger which reflex?

Answer 15

Micturition – the act of urination

Question 16

The openings of the ureters and the urethra mark a triangular area within the urinary bladder called the ______.

Answer 16

trigone

Question 17

What effect do fibers from the micturition center in the brain have on the sympathetic neurons that control the internal urethral sphincter?

Answer 17

They inhibit them

sympathetic nerves cause internal sphincter to relax and open

Question 18

The more concentrated the urine, the ______ its specific gravity.

Answer 18

higher

Question 19

Newborns need diapers because voluntary control of which urethral sphincter has not matured yet?

Answer 19

external

Question 20

Which describes the urethra?

Answer 20

It conveys urine from the bladder out of the body.

Question 21

As the urethra passes through the pelvic floor, it is encircled by which urethral sphincter?

Answer 21

External

Question 22

The process of urination, or voiding urine is called ______.

Answer 22

micturition

Question 23

Input from stretch receptors in the bladder wall ascend the spinal cord to which center in the pons?

Answer 23

Micturition

Question 24

Which urethral sphincter is under voluntary control?

Answer 24

External

Question 25

What effect do fibers from the micturition center in the brain have on the sympathetic neurons that control the internal urethral sphincter?

Answer 25

They inhibit them

sympathetic neurons usually keep the internal urethral sphincter constricted –> inhibit them to allow for urination