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BIOL 204 > Lecture 1 – Circ System I – Heart > Flashcards

Lecture 1 – Circ System I – Heart Flashcards

1
Q

overview of cardiovascular system:

cardiovascular system contains…

A

heart and blood vessels only

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2
Q

overview of cardiovascular system:

circulatory system contains…

A

heart, blood vessels, AND the blood

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3
Q

LO: define and distinguish b/n the pulmonary circuit and systemic circuit:

pulmonary vs. systemic

A

pulmonary –about blood exchange with lungs

systemic – about blood exchange with body

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4
Q

LO: define and distinguish b/n the pulmonary circuit and systemic circuit:

describe left side of heart:

A

fully oxygenated blood arrives from lungs via pulmonary veins

blood sent to all organs of the body via aorta

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5
Q

LO: define and distinguish b/n the pulmonary circuit and systemic circuit:

describe right side of heart:

A

oxygen-poor blood arrives from inferior and superior vena cava

blood sent to lungs via pulmonary trunk

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6
Q

LO: define and distinguish b/n the pulmonary circuit and systemic circuit:

systemic circulation pathway:

A

left ventricle
aorta
systemic capillaries
venae cavae (superior and inferior)
right atrium

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7
Q

LO: define and distinguish b/n the pulmonary circuit and systemic circuit:

pulmonary circulation pathway:

A

right ventricle
pulmonary trunk to pulmonary arteries
pulmonary capillaries
pulmonary veins
left atrium

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8
Q

LO: describe general location, size, and shape of heart:

heart is located in ___, between ___

A

mediastinum

lunsg

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9
Q

LO: describe general location, size, and shape of heart:

base of heart:
(size), ___ portion of heart, ___ ___ attach here

A

wide, superior portion of heart, large vessels attach here

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10
Q

LO: describe general location, size, and shape of heart:

apex:
___ ___ end, tilts to the ___

A

tapered inferior end, tilts to the left

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11
Q

LO: describe general location, size, and shape of heart:

in adult:
heart weighs ___ ounces, ___ in. wide at base, ___ in. from base to apex

at any age, heart is size of ___

A

10 ounces
3.5 in. wide at base
5 in. from base to apex

fist

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12
Q

LO: describe general location, size, and shape of heart:

position in thoracic cavity:

A

b/n sternum, rib 3, and diaphragm

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13
Q

LO: describe the pericardium that encloses the heart:

pericardium is a ___-walled sac that ___ the heart

A

double-walled

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14
Q

LO: describe the pericardium that encloses the heart:

pericardium allows…

heart to beat with/without friction

provides room to ___, yet resists ___ ___

A

beat w/o friction

provides room to expand, yet resists excessive expansion

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15
Q

LO: describe the pericardium that encloses the heart:

pericardium is anchored to…

A

diaphragm inferiorly and sternum anteriorly

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16
Q

LO: describe the pericardium that encloses the heart:

describe fibrous pericardium:

A

outer wall, not attached to heart

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17
Q

LO: describe the pericardium that encloses the heart:

describe serous pericardium:

A

parietal layer – lines fibrous pericardium

visceral layer (epicardium) – covers heart surface

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18
Q

LO: describe the pericardium that encloses the heart:

describe pericardial cavity:

A

space b/n parietal and visceral layers of serous pericardium

filled w/ 5-30 mL of pericardial fluid

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19
Q

LO: describe the pericardium that encloses the heart:

describe pericarditis:

A

painful inflammation of the membranes

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20
Q

LO: describe the 3 layers of the heart wall:

3 layers of heart wall:

A

epicardium

myocardium

endocardium

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21
Q

LO: describe the 3 layers of the heart wall:

describe the epicardium:

A

same as visceral layer of serous pericardium

serous membrane covering heart

adipose in thick layer in some places

coronary blood vessels travel thru this layer

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22
Q

LO: describe the 3 layers of the heart wall:

describe the endocardium:
- what does it consist of?
- What part/where does it cover?

A

smooth inner lining of heart and blood vessels

covers the valve surfaces and is continuous w/ endothelium of blood vessels

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23
Q

LO: describe the 3 layers of the heart wall:

describe the myocardium:

A

layer of cardiac muscle proportional to workload

muscle spirals which produce wringing motion, vortex of the heart

fibrous skeleton of the heart: framework of collagenous and elastic fibers

provides structural support and attachment for cardiac muscle and anchors for valve tissue

electrical insulation b/n atria and ventricles;

important in timing and coordination of contractile activity

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24
Q

LO: identify the 4 chambers of the heart

what are they?

A

right and left atria

right and left ventricles

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25
Q

LO: identify the 4 chambers of the heart

describe right and left atria:

2 (superior/inferior?) chambers

(pump/receive?) blood (returning/leaving?) heart

how do the chambers of the atria enlarge?

A

superior

receive blood returning to heart

chambers of atria enlarge via auricles

26
Q

LO: identify the 4 chambers of the heart

describe the right and left ventricles:

2 (superior/inferior?) chambers

(pump/receive?) blood into ___

A

2 inferior chambers

pump blood into arteries

27
Q

sample question for Midterm 1:

T or F:
the pericardium forms the fibrous skeleton of the heart

A

F

pericardium forms the outer wall of the heart

myocardium forms the fibrous skeleton of the heart

28
Q

LO: the heart chambers

describe what chambers are in the 2 halves of the heart:

A

Right:
- right atrium
- right AV valve (tricuspid)
- right ventricle
- pulmonary valve (pulmonic)

Left:
- left atrium
- left AV valve (mitral)
- left ventricle
- aortic valve

29
Q

LO: the heart chambers

divisions seen from the inside are the ___, including the…

A

septa

interatrial septum

interventricular septum

30
Q

LO: the heart chambers

describe interatrial septum

A

division inside heart

wall that separates atria

31
Q

LO: the heart chambers

describe interventricular septum

A

division inside heart

muscular wall that separates ventricles

32
Q

LO: identify the surface features of the heart and correlate them with its internal 4-chambered anatomy:

divisions seen from surface are the ___, including the…

A

sulci

coronary sulcus

interventricular sulcus

33
Q

LO: identify the surface features of the heart and correlate them with its internal 4-chambered anatomy:

describe coronary sulcus

A

division on surface of heart

separates atria and ventricles

34
Q

LO: identify the surface features of the heart and correlate them with its internal 4-chambered anatomy:

describe interventricular sulcus

A

division on surface of heart

overlies the interventricular septum that divides the right ventricle from the left

35
Q

LO: identify the surface features of the heart and correlate them with its internal 4-chambered anatomy:

sulci contain ___ ___

where are ___ ___ located in the heart?
what does ___ ___ do?

A

coronary arteries

coronary arteries wrap around outside of heart

coronary arteries carry blood to the heart

36
Q

LO: identify the 4 valves of the heart:

valves ensure…

A

1-way flow of blood thru heart

37
Q

LO: identify the 4 valves of the heart:

atrioventricular (AV) valves control…

2 types of AV valves are…

A

control blood flow b/n atria and ventricles

38
Q

LO: identify the 4 valves of the heart:

describe the right AV valve

A

has 3 cusps

TV –> tricuspid valve

39
Q

LO: identify the 4 valves of the heart:

describe the left AV valve

A

has 2 cusps

MV –> mitral valve (formerly bicuspid)

40
Q

LO: identify the 4 valves of the heart:

chordae tendinae (what are they? what do they do?)

A

not a valve

tendinous cords connect AV valves to papillary muscles on floor of ventricles

prevent AV valves from flipping or bulging into atria when ventricles contract

41
Q

LO: identify the 4 valves of the heart:

semilunar valves control…

2 types of semilunar valves are…

A

control flow into great arteries
open and close because of blood flow and pressure

pulmonary semilunar valve
aortic semilunar valve

42
Q

LO: identify the 4 valves of the heart:

pulmonary semilunar valve (where is it?)

A

in opening b/n right ventricle and pulmonary trunk

43
Q

LO: identify the 4 valves of the heart:

aortic semilunar valve (where is it?)

A

in opening b/n left ventricle and aorta

44
Q

LO: identify the 4 valves of the heart:

list out the 4 valves and what they connect

A

tricuspid valve (right AV) –> right atrium & right ventricle

mitral valve (left AV) –> left atrium & left ventricle

aortic valve –> left ventricle & aorta

pulmonary valve –> right ventricle & pulmonary trunk

45
Q

LO: trace blood flow thru chambers and valves

A

body –> superior/inferior venae cavae –> right atrium –> tricuspid valve –> right ventricle –> pulmonary semilunar valve –> pulmonary trunk –> pulmonary artery –> lungs

lungs –> left and right pulmonary veins –> left atrium –> mitral valve –> left ventricle –> aortic semilunar valve –> aorta –> rest of the body

46
Q

which blood vessel is a branch off of the pulmonary trunk?

A

pulmonary artery

47
Q

choose all that are functions of the fibrous skeleton:

(1) Directly aids in the pumping mechanism of the heart

(2) Anchors the cardiocytes and give them something to pull against

(3) Provides circulation for the heart

(4) Provides electrical insulation between the atria and ventricles

(5) Provides structural support for the heart

A

(2)

(4)

(5)

48
Q

list functions of the fibrous skeleton

A

(1) structural support for heart

(2) anchors cardiomyocytes and gives them something to pull against

(3) electrical insulation b/n atria and ventricles

49
Q

which groove extends downward from the coronary sulcus on the front of the heart?

A

anterior interventricular sulcus

50
Q

which groove encircles the heart, separating the atria from the ventricles?

A

coronary sulcus

51
Q

which supports the valves and openings of the great vessels of the heart?

A

fibrous skeleton

52
Q

T or F:

the coronary blood vessels are part of the systemic circulation

A

T

coronary blood vessels are the first blood vessels off the aorta and are part of the systemic circulation

53
Q

the right and left coronary arteries arise form the ascending ___

A

aorta

54
Q

what supports the valves and openings of the great vessels of the heart?

A

fibrous skeleton

55
Q

during which phase of the cardiac cycle does blood flow thru the coronary circulation?

A

ventricular relaxation

56
Q

the blood vessels that supply nutrients and oxygen only to the heart muscle make up the specific type of circulation called the ___ circulation

A

coronary

57
Q

the left and right coronary arteries arise from which blood vessel?

A

aorta

58
Q

what are functions of fibrous skeleton?

A

provides structural support for heart

anchors cardiocytes and gives them something to pull against

provides electrical insulation b/n atria and ventricles

59
Q

when does blood flow thru the coronary circulation increase?

A

ventricular diastole

60
Q

which vein collects venous drainage from all the coronary veins and drains into the right atrium?

A

coronary sinus

61
Q

during which phase of the cardiac cycle does blood flow thru the coronary circulation?

A

ventricular relaxation

BIOL 204 (35 decks)

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