Lecture 1 – Circ System I – Heart Flashcards
overview of cardiovascular system:
cardiovascular system contains…
heart and blood vessels only
overview of cardiovascular system:
circulatory system contains…
heart, blood vessels, AND the blood
LO: define and distinguish b/n the pulmonary circuit and systemic circuit:
pulmonary vs. systemic
pulmonary –about blood exchange with lungs
systemic – about blood exchange with body
LO: define and distinguish b/n the pulmonary circuit and systemic circuit:
describe left side of heart:
fully oxygenated blood arrives from lungs via pulmonary veins
blood sent to all organs of the body via aorta
LO: define and distinguish b/n the pulmonary circuit and systemic circuit:
describe right side of heart:
oxygen-poor blood arrives from inferior and superior vena cava
blood sent to lungs via pulmonary trunk
LO: define and distinguish b/n the pulmonary circuit and systemic circuit:
systemic circulation pathway:
left ventricle
aorta
systemic capillaries
venae cavae (superior and inferior)
right atrium
LO: define and distinguish b/n the pulmonary circuit and systemic circuit:
pulmonary circulation pathway:
right ventricle
pulmonary trunk to pulmonary arteries
pulmonary capillaries
pulmonary veins
left atrium
LO: describe general location, size, and shape of heart:
heart is located in ___, between ___
mediastinum
lunsg
LO: describe general location, size, and shape of heart:
base of heart:
(size), ___ portion of heart, ___ ___ attach here
wide, superior portion of heart, large vessels attach here
LO: describe general location, size, and shape of heart:
apex:
___ ___ end, tilts to the ___
tapered inferior end, tilts to the left
LO: describe general location, size, and shape of heart:
in adult:
heart weighs ___ ounces, ___ in. wide at base, ___ in. from base to apex
at any age, heart is size of ___
10 ounces
3.5 in. wide at base
5 in. from base to apex
fist
LO: describe general location, size, and shape of heart:
position in thoracic cavity:
b/n sternum, rib 3, and diaphragm
LO: describe the pericardium that encloses the heart:
pericardium is a ___-walled sac that ___ the heart
double-walled
LO: describe the pericardium that encloses the heart:
pericardium allows…
heart to beat with/without friction
provides room to ___, yet resists ___ ___
beat w/o friction
provides room to expand, yet resists excessive expansion
LO: describe the pericardium that encloses the heart:
pericardium is anchored to…
diaphragm inferiorly and sternum anteriorly
LO: describe the pericardium that encloses the heart:
describe fibrous pericardium:
outer wall, not attached to heart
LO: describe the pericardium that encloses the heart:
describe serous pericardium:
parietal layer – lines fibrous pericardium
visceral layer (epicardium) – covers heart surface
LO: describe the pericardium that encloses the heart:
describe pericardial cavity:
space b/n parietal and visceral layers of serous pericardium
filled w/ 5-30 mL of pericardial fluid
LO: describe the pericardium that encloses the heart:
describe pericarditis:
painful inflammation of the membranes
LO: describe the 3 layers of the heart wall:
3 layers of heart wall:
epicardium
myocardium
endocardium
LO: describe the 3 layers of the heart wall:
describe the epicardium:
same as visceral layer of serous pericardium
serous membrane covering heart
adipose in thick layer in some places
coronary blood vessels travel thru this layer
LO: describe the 3 layers of the heart wall:
describe the endocardium:
- what does it consist of?
- What part/where does it cover?
smooth inner lining of heart and blood vessels
covers the valve surfaces and is continuous w/ endothelium of blood vessels
LO: describe the 3 layers of the heart wall:
describe the myocardium:
layer of cardiac muscle proportional to workload
muscle spirals which produce wringing motion, vortex of the heart
fibrous skeleton of the heart: framework of collagenous and elastic fibers
provides structural support and attachment for cardiac muscle and anchors for valve tissue
electrical insulation b/n atria and ventricles;
important in timing and coordination of contractile activity
LO: identify the 4 chambers of the heart
what are they?
right and left atria
right and left ventricles
LO: identify the 4 chambers of the heart
describe right and left atria:
2 (superior/inferior?) chambers
(pump/receive?) blood (returning/leaving?) heart
how do the chambers of the atria enlarge?
superior
receive blood returning to heart
chambers of atria enlarge via auricles
LO: identify the 4 chambers of the heart
describe the right and left ventricles:
2 (superior/inferior?) chambers
(pump/receive?) blood into ___
2 inferior chambers
pump blood into arteries
sample question for Midterm 1:
T or F:
the pericardium forms the fibrous skeleton of the heart
F
pericardium forms the outer wall of the heart
myocardium forms the fibrous skeleton of the heart
LO: the heart chambers
describe what chambers are in the 2 halves of the heart:
Right:
- right atrium
- right AV valve (tricuspid)
- right ventricle
- pulmonary valve (pulmonic)
Left:
- left atrium
- left AV valve (mitral)
- left ventricle
- aortic valve
LO: the heart chambers
divisions seen from the inside are the ___, including the…
septa
interatrial septum
interventricular septum
LO: the heart chambers
describe interatrial septum
division inside heart
wall that separates atria
LO: the heart chambers
describe interventricular septum
division inside heart
muscular wall that separates ventricles
LO: identify the surface features of the heart and correlate them with its internal 4-chambered anatomy:
divisions seen from surface are the ___, including the…
sulci
coronary sulcus
interventricular sulcus
LO: identify the surface features of the heart and correlate them with its internal 4-chambered anatomy:
describe coronary sulcus
division on surface of heart
separates atria and ventricles
LO: identify the surface features of the heart and correlate them with its internal 4-chambered anatomy:
describe interventricular sulcus
division on surface of heart
overlies the interventricular septum that divides the right ventricle from the left
LO: identify the surface features of the heart and correlate them with its internal 4-chambered anatomy:
sulci contain ___ ___
where are ___ ___ located in the heart?
what does ___ ___ do?
coronary arteries
coronary arteries wrap around outside of heart
coronary arteries carry blood to the heart
LO: identify the 4 valves of the heart:
valves ensure…
1-way flow of blood thru heart
LO: identify the 4 valves of the heart:
atrioventricular (AV) valves control…
2 types of AV valves are…
control blood flow b/n atria and ventricles
LO: identify the 4 valves of the heart:
describe the right AV valve
has 3 cusps
TV –> tricuspid valve
LO: identify the 4 valves of the heart:
describe the left AV valve
has 2 cusps
MV –> mitral valve (formerly bicuspid)
LO: identify the 4 valves of the heart:
chordae tendinae (what are they? what do they do?)
not a valve
tendinous cords connect AV valves to papillary muscles on floor of ventricles
prevent AV valves from flipping or bulging into atria when ventricles contract
LO: identify the 4 valves of the heart:
semilunar valves control…
2 types of semilunar valves are…
control flow into great arteries
open and close because of blood flow and pressure
pulmonary semilunar valve
aortic semilunar valve
LO: identify the 4 valves of the heart:
pulmonary semilunar valve (where is it?)
in opening b/n right ventricle and pulmonary trunk
LO: identify the 4 valves of the heart:
aortic semilunar valve (where is it?)
in opening b/n left ventricle and aorta
LO: identify the 4 valves of the heart:
list out the 4 valves and what they connect
tricuspid valve (right AV) –> right atrium & right ventricle
mitral valve (left AV) –> left atrium & left ventricle
aortic valve –> left ventricle & aorta
pulmonary valve –> right ventricle & pulmonary trunk
LO: trace blood flow thru chambers and valves
body –> superior/inferior venae cavae –> right atrium –> tricuspid valve –> right ventricle –> pulmonary semilunar valve –> pulmonary trunk –> pulmonary artery –> lungs
lungs –> left and right pulmonary veins –> left atrium –> mitral valve –> left ventricle –> aortic semilunar valve –> aorta –> rest of the body
which blood vessel is a branch off of the pulmonary trunk?
pulmonary artery
choose all that are functions of the fibrous skeleton:
(1) Directly aids in the pumping mechanism of the heart
(2) Anchors the cardiocytes and give them something to pull against
(3) Provides circulation for the heart
(4) Provides electrical insulation between the atria and ventricles
(5) Provides structural support for the heart
(2)
(4)
(5)
list functions of the fibrous skeleton
(1) structural support for heart
(2) anchors cardiomyocytes and gives them something to pull against
(3) electrical insulation b/n atria and ventricles
which groove extends downward from the coronary sulcus on the front of the heart?
anterior interventricular sulcus
which groove encircles the heart, separating the atria from the ventricles?
coronary sulcus
which supports the valves and openings of the great vessels of the heart?
fibrous skeleton
T or F:
the coronary blood vessels are part of the systemic circulation
T
coronary blood vessels are the first blood vessels off the aorta and are part of the systemic circulation
the right and left coronary arteries arise form the ascending ___
aorta
what supports the valves and openings of the great vessels of the heart?
fibrous skeleton
during which phase of the cardiac cycle does blood flow thru the coronary circulation?
ventricular relaxation
the blood vessels that supply nutrients and oxygen only to the heart muscle make up the specific type of circulation called the ___ circulation
coronary
the left and right coronary arteries arise from which blood vessel?
aorta
what are functions of fibrous skeleton?
provides structural support for heart
anchors cardiocytes and gives them something to pull against
provides electrical insulation b/n atria and ventricles
when does blood flow thru the coronary circulation increase?
ventricular diastole
which vein collects venous drainage from all the coronary veins and drains into the right atrium?
coronary sinus
during which phase of the cardiac cycle does blood flow thru the coronary circulation?
ventricular relaxation
