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BIOL 204 > Lecture 11 > Flashcards

Lecture 11 Flashcards

1
Q

True or false: When the diaphragm contracts and lung volume increases, intrapulmonary pressure drops.

A

true

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2
Q

gas laws of respiratory physiology:

Boyle’s law…

A

pressure of gas is inversely proportion to its volume (assuming a constant temp)

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3
Q

gas laws of respiratory physiology:

Charles’s law…

A

volume of a gas is directly proportional to absolution temp (assuming constant pressure)

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4
Q

gas laws of respiratory physiology:

Dalton’s law…

A

total pressure of gas mixture = sum of partial pressures of its individual gases

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5
Q

gas laws of respiratory physiology:

Henry’s law…

A

at the air-water interface, the amount of gas that dissolves in water is determined by its solubility in water and its partial pressure in the air (assuming a constant temp)

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6
Q

True or false: Intrapleural pressure is always greater than atmospheric pressure.

A

false

when intrapulmonary pressure < atmospheric pressure –> inspiration

when intrapulmonary pressure > atmospheric pressure –> expiration

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7
Q

You place an empty, sealed plastic bottle in the freezer. When you remove the bottle 4 hours later it has collapsed. This is an example of which gas law?

A

Charle’s law

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8
Q

Which of these occurs during exhalation?

A

Lung volumes decrease and intrapulmonary pressure increases.

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9
Q

Why does air flow into the lungs during inspiration?

A

Atmospheric pressure is greater than intrapulmonary pressure, and air flows toward the lower pressure area.

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10
Q

Which two factors contribute most to airflow resistance? Select two answers below.

A

Lung compliance
Diameter of the bronchioles

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11
Q

As the volume of a closed container decreases, the pressure of the gas within it increases. This is an example of which gas law?

A

Boyle’s Law

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12
Q

Pulmonary compliance is reduced in which of the following?

A

pulmonary compliance = how easily the lungs expand

Tuberculosis patients

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13
Q

What is the intrapleural pressure?

A

The pressure in the fluid-filled space between the parietal and visceral pleurae

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14
Q

The lungs of premature infants often develop respiratory distress syndrome. Why do these infants experience alveolar sac collapse?

A

Surfactant is not produced yet in adequate quantities.

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15
Q

Ambient (outside) air at 22O C is inhaled. The gases are warmed to body temperature (37.5O C) by the time they reach the alveoli of the lungs. According to Charles’s law, what will happen to the volume of the inhaled air?

A

The volume will increase.

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16
Q

Which best describes what happens during exhalation?

A

The diaphragm relaxes, intrapulmonary pressure increases, air flows out

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17
Q

Airway resistance in the lungs is usually controlled by changing the diameter of which of the following?

A

Bronchioles

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18
Q

Which term describes the ease with which lung tissue expands during breathing?

A

Pulmonary compliance

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19
Q

Which is often increased in individuals with pulmonary disease?

A

Physiological dead space

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20
Q

Which decreases surface tension in the fluids of the alveoli?

A

Surfactant

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21
Q

Which term refers to the amount of air inhaled and exhaled during one cycle of quiet breathing?

A

tidal volume

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22
Q

You place an empty, sealed plastic bottle in the freezer. When you remove the bottle 4 hours later it has collapsed. This is an example of which gas law?

A

Charles’s Law

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23
Q

The maximum volume of air that can be exhaled after exhalation of the tidal volume is the ______ reserve volume.

A

expiratory

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24
Q

Which of these occurs during exhalation?

A

Lung volumes decrease and intrapulmonary pressure increases.

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25
Q

Which term refers to the volume of air remaining in lungs after maximum exhalation?

A

Residual volume

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26
Q

Which two factors contribute most to airflow resistance? Select two answers below.

A

Lung compliance
Diameter of the bronchioles

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27
Q

The sum of the tidal and inspiratory reserve volumes is a measure of the ___ capacity

A

inspiratory

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28
Q

Which includes all of the regions of the airway incapable of gas exchange, including both conducting zones and respiratory zones that have been damaged by disease?

A

Physiological dead space

29
Q

An average tidal volume is about ______ mL of air.

A

500

30
Q

define tidal volume (TV)

A

amount of air inhaled and exhaled in 1 cycle during quiet breathing

31
Q

inspiratory reserve volume (IRV)

A

amount of air in excess of tidal volume that can be inhaled w/ max effort

32
Q

expiratory reserve volume (ERV)

A

amount of air in excess of tidal volume that can be exhaled w/ max effort

33
Q

expiratory reserve volume (ERV)

A

amount of air in excess of tidal volume that can be exhaled w/ max effort

34
Q

residual volume (RV)

A

amount of air remaining in the lungs after max expiration

the amount that can never be voluntarily exhaled

35
Q

vital capacity (VC)

A

amount of air that can be inhaled and then exhaled w/ max effort

deepest possible breath

VC = ERV + TV + IRV

36
Q

inspiratory capacity (IC)

A

max amount of air that can be inhaled after a normal tidal expiration

IC = TV + IRV

37
Q

functional residual capacity (FRC)

A

amount of air remaining in the lungs after a normal tidal expiration

FRC = RV + ERV

38
Q

total lung capacity (TLC)

A

max amount of air the lungs can contain

TLC = RV + VC

39
Q

How is the functional residual capacity calculated?

A

Residual volume + expiratory reserve volume (RV + ERV)

40
Q

Which best describes the expiratory reserve volume (ERV)?

A

The amount of air that may be exhaled over the tidal volume

41
Q

True or false: The residual volume may be exhaled with a forceful expiration.

A

F

expiratory reserve volume is exhaled with a forceful expiration

residual volume is what’s left after tidal volume expiration and expiratory reserve volume

42
Q

How is inspiratory capacity calculated?

A

Tidal volume plus inspiratory reserve volume

43
Q

What is the correct calculation for vital capacity?

A

Tidal volume plus expiratory reserve volume plus inspiratory reserve volume

44
Q

Which is often increased in individuals with pulmonary disease?

A

Physiological dead space

45
Q

What is the correct formula for calculating total lung capacity?

A

Residual volume + vital capacity

46
Q

Choose all that are added together to calculate the functional residual capacity.

  • expiratory reserve volume
  • residual volume
  • tidal volume
  • inspiratory reserve volume
A

functional residual capacity = amount of air left in lungs after tidal expiration

FRC = ERV + RV

Expiratory reserve volume
Residual volume

47
Q

Which respiratory volume takes into consideration the rate at which air is exhaled?

A

Forced expiratory volume

48
Q

amount of air inhaled and exhaled during quiet breathing is…

A

tidal volume (TV)

49
Q

The amount of air that may be exhaled over the tidal volume is…

A

expiratory reserve volume (ERV)

50
Q

The amount of air remaining in the lungs after a forced expiration is…

A

residual volume (RV)

51
Q

The amount of air that can be exhaled in a given time interval is…

A

faced expiratory volume (FEV)

52
Q

Which term refers to relaxed, quiet breathing?

A

Eupnea

53
Q

Which term refers to the volume of air remaining in lungs after maximum exhalation?

A

Residual volume

54
Q

The sum of the expiratory reserve volume, tidal volume, and inspiratory reserve volume is the ___ capacity.

A

vital capacity (VC) – amount of air that can be inhaled and then exhaled w/ max effort –> the deepest possible breath

55
Q

What are the four predominant components of inspired air? Select four options from the list below.
- water vapor
- oxygen
- nitrogen
- carbon monoxide
- sulfur
- carbon dioxide

A

oxygen
nitrogen
carbon dioxide
water vapor

56
Q

A normal total lung capacity would be ______ mL of air.

A

6000

57
Q

Which law states that the total pressure of a gas mixture is equal to the sum of the individual partial pressures of gases?

A

Dalton’s

58
Q

Which term refers to the volume of air (or percentage of the vital capacity) that can be exhaled in a specific amount of time?

A

Forced expiratory volume

59
Q

Which term refers to the pressure that each individual gas in a mixture would exert if the other gases were not present?

A

Partial pressure

60
Q

Irritants in the lower respiratory system may stimulate which of the following?

A

Coughing

61
Q

Which term refers to the exchange of gases across the respiratory membrane?

A

Alveolar gas exchange

62
Q

A normal residual volume would be ______ mL of air.

A

1300

63
Q

Soda is bottled under high pressure so that more carbon dioxide will dissolve in the drink. When you open the bottle, you suddenly decrease the pressure and the carbon dioxide comes bubbling out of solution. This is a practical example of which law?

A

Henry’s law

64
Q

Which gas has the greatest partial pressure in inspired air?

A

Nitrogen

65
Q

Dalton’s Law states which of the following?

A

The total atmospheric pressure is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of the individual gases present.

66
Q

Which best defines partial pressure?

A

The pressure that each gas in a mixture would exert alone

67
Q

Which best defines alveolar gas exchange?

A

Movement of oxygen and carbon dioxide across the respiratory membrane

68
Q

Which law states that the amount of gas dissolved in water is determined by its solubility in the fluid and the partial pressure of the gas in the surrounding air.

A

Henry’s

BIOL 204 (35 decks)

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