Lecture 18 Flashcards
The physical breakdown of food into smaller particles is known as ___ digestion.
mechanical
The muscle layer indicated in the image is the muscularis ___.
mucosa
The submucosa is labeled letter ___ in this figure.
A
The histological layer of smooth muscle indicated in the figure is the ___ externa.
muscularis
What is the outermost layer of the digestive tract wall?
Serosa
What is the hydrolysis of large dietary macromolecules into monomers known as?
Chemical digestion
What is the network of nervous tissue within the wall of the alimentary canal called?
Enteric nervous system
Which muscle layer found is between the mucosa and submucosa of the digestive tract wall?
Muscularis mucosae
Which is true of the long reflexes that aid in regulation of the digestive tract?
They use the vagus nerves and brainstem.
The layer of the digestive tract wall indicated in the figure is the ______.
submucosa
Which muscles produce the subtle tongue movements needed for speech?
Intrinsic muscles
The muscularis externa is indicated by which letter in this figure?
B
The portion of the tooth below the gum is the ______ of the tooth.
root
The layer of the digestive tract wall indicated in the figure is the ___
serosa
What is the living connective tissue covering the root of a tooth called?
Cementum
The ___ nervous system is comprised of the submucosal and myenteric plexuses.
enteric
The hard yellowish material that makes up most of the tooth is called ______.
dentin
Which digestive reflexes use autonomic nerve fibers running to and from the brainstem?
Long
The pulp of a tooth is found within the ___ cavity
pulp
Which tongue muscles originate outside of the tongue but act upon it?
extrinsic
The enzyme salivary ___ begins starch digestion in the mouth.
amylase
match each tooth region w/ its description:
neck –> where the crown, gum, and root meet
root –> portion of the tooth below the gum
crown –> portion of the tooth above the gum
What type of salivary glands are the parotid, submandibular, and sublingual glands?
extrinsic
True or false: Enamel covers the surface of the crown and the root of each tooth.
false –> only covers the crown
Which describes tooth enamel?
A cell-free protective layer over the crown
When swallowing, a bolus of food moves from the mouth directly into the ___ before reaching the esophagus.
pharynx
What is the root canal of a tooth filled with?
pulp
Which salivary enzyme digests fats?
Lingual lipase
Which muscular structure remains closed when food is not being swallowed in order to exclude air from the esophagus?
Upper esophageal sphincter
What are the salivary glands dispersed among the oral tissues referred to as?
Intrinsic
The ___ esophageal sphincter prevents stomach contents from spilling into the esophagus.
lower
What is the living connective tissue covering the root of a tooth called?
cementum
The pharynx connects the oral cavity to the ______ and the nasal cavity to the ______.
esophagus
larynx
Which structure is indicated in the picture?
Esophagus
What is the hollow cavity within the crown of a tooth called?
Pulp cavity
Choose all the phase of swallowing that are involuntary.
Pharyngeal
Esophageal
The upper ___ sphincter is formed by the inferior pharyngeal constrictors.
esophageal
What is the straight muscular tube conveying food from pharynx to the stomach called?
Esophagus
True or false: Enamel covers the surface of the crown and the root of each tooth.
False
- enamel covers only the surface of the crown
- enamel covers dentin in crown and cement covers dentin in root
The rhythmic, wave-like contraction of the smooth muscles of the digestive tract is known as ___
peristalsis
The segment of the digestive tract indicated in the figure is the ___
esophagus
Which phase of swallowing is voluntary?
oral
Which muscular structure remains closed when food is not being swallowed in order to exclude air from the esophagus?
Upper esophageal sphincter
The ___ esophageal sphincter prevents stomach contents from spilling into the esophagus.
lower
Peristalsis occurs in which phase of swallowing?
Esophageal
