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BIOL 204 > Lecture 18 > Flashcards

Lecture 18 Flashcards

1
Q

The physical breakdown of food into smaller particles is known as ___ digestion.

A

mechanical

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2
Q

The muscle layer indicated in the image is the muscularis ___.

A

mucosa

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3
Q

The submucosa is labeled letter ___ in this figure.

A

A

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4
Q

The histological layer of smooth muscle indicated in the figure is the ___ externa.

A

muscularis

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5
Q

What is the outermost layer of the digestive tract wall?

A

Serosa

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6
Q

What is the hydrolysis of large dietary macromolecules into monomers known as?

A

Chemical digestion

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7
Q

What is the network of nervous tissue within the wall of the alimentary canal called?

A

Enteric nervous system

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8
Q

Which muscle layer found is between the mucosa and submucosa of the digestive tract wall?

A

Muscularis mucosae

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9
Q

Which is true of the long reflexes that aid in regulation of the digestive tract?

A

They use the vagus nerves and brainstem.

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10
Q

The layer of the digestive tract wall indicated in the figure is the ______.

A

submucosa

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11
Q

Which muscles produce the subtle tongue movements needed for speech?

A

Intrinsic muscles

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12
Q

The muscularis externa is indicated by which letter in this figure?

A

B

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13
Q

The portion of the tooth below the gum is the ______ of the tooth.

A

root

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14
Q

The layer of the digestive tract wall indicated in the figure is the ___

A

serosa

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15
Q

What is the living connective tissue covering the root of a tooth called?

A

Cementum

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16
Q

The ___ nervous system is comprised of the submucosal and myenteric plexuses.

A

enteric

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17
Q

The hard yellowish material that makes up most of the tooth is called ______.

A

dentin

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18
Q

Which digestive reflexes use autonomic nerve fibers running to and from the brainstem?

A

Long

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19
Q

The pulp of a tooth is found within the ___ cavity

A

pulp

20
Q

Which tongue muscles originate outside of the tongue but act upon it?

A

extrinsic

21
Q

The enzyme salivary ___ begins starch digestion in the mouth.

A

amylase

22
Q

match each tooth region w/ its description:

A

neck –> where the crown, gum, and root meet

root –> portion of the tooth below the gum

crown –> portion of the tooth above the gum

23
Q

What type of salivary glands are the parotid, submandibular, and sublingual glands?

A

extrinsic

24
Q

True or false: Enamel covers the surface of the crown and the root of each tooth.

A

false –> only covers the crown

25
Q

Which describes tooth enamel?

A

A cell-free protective layer over the crown

26
Q

When swallowing, a bolus of food moves from the mouth directly into the ___ before reaching the esophagus.

A

pharynx

27
Q

What is the root canal of a tooth filled with?

A

pulp

28
Q

Which salivary enzyme digests fats?

A

Lingual lipase

29
Q

Which muscular structure remains closed when food is not being swallowed in order to exclude air from the esophagus?

A

Upper esophageal sphincter

30
Q

What are the salivary glands dispersed among the oral tissues referred to as?

A

Intrinsic

31
Q

The ___ esophageal sphincter prevents stomach contents from spilling into the esophagus.

A

lower

32
Q

What is the living connective tissue covering the root of a tooth called?

A

cementum

33
Q

The pharynx connects the oral cavity to the ______ and the nasal cavity to the ______.

A

esophagus

larynx

34
Q

Which structure is indicated in the picture?

A

Esophagus

35
Q

What is the hollow cavity within the crown of a tooth called?

A

Pulp cavity

36
Q

Choose all the phase of swallowing that are involuntary.

A

Pharyngeal

Esophageal

37
Q

The upper ___ sphincter is formed by the inferior pharyngeal constrictors.

A

esophageal

38
Q

What is the straight muscular tube conveying food from pharynx to the stomach called?

A

Esophagus

39
Q

True or false: Enamel covers the surface of the crown and the root of each tooth.

A

False

  • enamel covers only the surface of the crown
  • enamel covers dentin in crown and cement covers dentin in root
40
Q

The rhythmic, wave-like contraction of the smooth muscles of the digestive tract is known as ___

A

peristalsis

41
Q

The segment of the digestive tract indicated in the figure is the ___

A

esophagus

42
Q

Which phase of swallowing is voluntary?

A

oral

43
Q

Which muscular structure remains closed when food is not being swallowed in order to exclude air from the esophagus?

A

Upper esophageal sphincter

44
Q

The ___ esophageal sphincter prevents stomach contents from spilling into the esophagus.

A

lower

45
Q

Peristalsis occurs in which phase of swallowing?

A

Esophageal

BIOL 204 (35 decks)

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