Lecture 19 Flashcards
What is the semi-liquid mixture of partially digested food within the stomach known as?
chyme
The region of the stomach where the esophagus enters is the Blank______ region.
cardial
The ______ is the narrow part of the stomach that leads into the duodenum.
pylorus
Which muscular band regulates the passage of chyme from the stomach to the duodenum?
Pyloric sphincter
The greater omentum is suspended from the ______ curvature of the stomach.
greater
The soupy mixture of semidigested food formed in the stomach is known as ___
chyme
What are the gastric rugae?
Longitudinal folds in the stomach lining
Which describes the fundus of the stomach?
It is the domed superior region.
The portion of the stomach between the fundus and the pyloric region is known as the ___
body (or corpus)
Which describes gastric pits?
Depressions in the gastric mucosa
The muscular band that regulates the passage of chyme from the stomach to the duodenum is the ___ sphincter.
pyloric (or gastroduodenal)
Which describes the lesser curvature of the stomach?
The medial superior margin from esophagus to duodenum
The longitudinal wrinkles in the lining of the stomach are called gastric ___
rugae
What are the three components of gastric juice?
pepsin
water
hydrochloric acid
The region of the stomach where the esophagus enters is the ______ region.
cardial
The source of the ___ ions in stomach acid is the dissociation of carbonic acid within parietal cells.
hydrogen
The depressions in the gastric mucosa are called gastric ___
pits
Choose all that are functions of stomach acid.
Activates pepsin and lingual lipase
Destroys pathogens
Denatures proteins
Which muscular band regulates the passage of chyme from the stomach to the duodenum?
Pyloric sphincter
An enzyme that is secreted in its inactive form is known as a ______.
zymogen
Within the glands of the stomach, ___ cells secrete hydrochloric acid.
parietal
The enzyme ___ begins digestion of protein in the stomach.
pepsin
What are the components of gastric juice?
Hydrocholric acid, water, and pepsin
Produced in the stomach, ___ factor is essential for the absorption of vitamin B12 by the small intestine.
intrinsic
What is the source of hydrogen ions used to form stomach acid?
The dissociation of carbonic acid
Which is not one of the functions of stomach acid?
Activates salivary amylase
What is the inactive precursor of pepsin?
Pepsinogen
Which paracrine secretions are produced in both the digestive tract and CNS?
Gut-brain peptides
What is the function of pepsin?
To digest protein
What is the significance of the epithelial tight junctions and the mucous coat lining the stomach?
They protect the stomach lining from acid damage.
What is the function of intrinsic factor?
Transport and absorption of vitamin B12
Stomach function is regulated in three phases, which are the ___ phase, the intestinal phase, and the cephalic phase.
gastric
The source of the ___ ions in stomach acid is the dissociation of carbonic acid within parietal cells.
hydrogen
Choose all that are functions of stomach acid.
- destroys pathogens
- chemically digests proteins
- denatures proteins
- activates pepsin and lingual lipase
destroys pathogens
denatures proteins
activates pepsin and lingual lipase
Gastric secretion in response to the sight, smell, taste, or thought of food occurs during the ___ phase of gastric function.
cephalic
Gastric secretion in response to the sight, smell, taste, or thought of food occurs during the ___ phase of gastric function.
cephalic
Choose all that are secreted by enteroendocrine cells of the gastric glands.
- somatostatin
- gastrin
- HCl acid
- pepsinogen
- histamine
gastrin
histamine
somatostatin
gastric activity during the ___ phase of digestion is stimulated by the presence of food in the stomach.
gastric
Choose all that protect the stomach lining from the acidic contents.
- protective gastric juices
- excessive blood flow
- mucous coat
- epithelial cell replacement
- tight junctions
mucous coat
tight junctions
epithelial cell replacement
Which gastric hormone stimulates secretion and motility of the stomach?
gastrin
What are the three phases of gastric activity?
cephalic phase
intestinal phase
gastric phase
What is the goal of the intestinal phase of gastric regulation?
To adjust gastric activity so as to not overload the duodenum
What is the source of hydrogen ions used to form stomach acid?
The dissociation of carbonic acid
What is the irregular opening in the liver that forms an entry/exit point for blood vessels and exit point for bile vessels?
Porta hepatis
About ______% of the stomach’s acid secretion occurs in the cephalic phase of digestion.
40
Microscopic subunits of the liver, each consisting of a central vein passing down its core, are called hepatic ___.
lobules
About ______ of total gastric secretion occur during the gastric phase.
two-thirds
The hormone produced by enteroendocrine G cells that stimulates stomach HCl and enzyme activity is ___
gastrin
The intestinal phase of digestion begins when chyme enters the ______.
duodenum
The structure indicated in the figure is the ___ duct.
cystic
The irregular opening in the liver that forms an entry/exit point for blood vessels and bile vessels is the ___ hepatis.
porta
What is contained in bile?
Cholesterol, pigments, bile salts, and phospholipids
What are the microscopic structural subunits of the liver?
Hepatic lobules
The acini of the pancreas secrete ______, while the duct cells of the pancreas secrete ______.
digestive enzymes
sodium bicarbonate
Which gastric hormone stimulates secretion and motility of the stomach?
gastrin
Bile drains from the gallbladder through which duct?
Cystic
Choose all that are found in bile.
- phospholipids
- cholesterol
- cholecystokinin
- bile enzymes
- bile acids
- bile pigments
Phospholipids
Cholesterol
Bile acids
Bile pigments
The ______ of the pancreas secrete sodium bicarbonate, while the ______ of the pancreas secrete digestive enzymes.
duct cells, acinar cells
What is contained in bile?
Cholesterol, pigments, bile salts, and phospholipids
