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BIOL 204 > Lecture 19 > Flashcards

Lecture 19 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the semi-liquid mixture of partially digested food within the stomach known as?

A

chyme

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2
Q

The region of the stomach where the esophagus enters is the Blank______ region.

A

cardial

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3
Q

The ______ is the narrow part of the stomach that leads into the duodenum.

A

pylorus

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4
Q

Which muscular band regulates the passage of chyme from the stomach to the duodenum?

A

Pyloric sphincter

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5
Q

The greater omentum is suspended from the ______ curvature of the stomach.

A

greater

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6
Q

The soupy mixture of semidigested food formed in the stomach is known as ___

A

chyme

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7
Q

What are the gastric rugae?

A

Longitudinal folds in the stomach lining

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8
Q

Which describes the fundus of the stomach?

A

It is the domed superior region.

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9
Q

The portion of the stomach between the fundus and the pyloric region is known as the ___

A

body (or corpus)

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10
Q

Which describes gastric pits?

A

Depressions in the gastric mucosa

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11
Q

The muscular band that regulates the passage of chyme from the stomach to the duodenum is the ___ sphincter.

A

pyloric (or gastroduodenal)

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12
Q

Which describes the lesser curvature of the stomach?

A

The medial superior margin from esophagus to duodenum

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13
Q

The longitudinal wrinkles in the lining of the stomach are called gastric ___

A

rugae

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14
Q

What are the three components of gastric juice?

A

pepsin
water
hydrochloric acid

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15
Q

The region of the stomach where the esophagus enters is the ______ region.

A

cardial

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16
Q

The source of the ___ ions in stomach acid is the dissociation of carbonic acid within parietal cells.

A

hydrogen

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17
Q

The depressions in the gastric mucosa are called gastric ___

A

pits

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18
Q

Choose all that are functions of stomach acid.

A

Activates pepsin and lingual lipase
Destroys pathogens
Denatures proteins

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19
Q

Which muscular band regulates the passage of chyme from the stomach to the duodenum?

A

Pyloric sphincter

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20
Q

An enzyme that is secreted in its inactive form is known as a ______.

A

zymogen

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21
Q

Within the glands of the stomach, ___ cells secrete hydrochloric acid.

A

parietal

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22
Q

The enzyme ___ begins digestion of protein in the stomach.

A

pepsin

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23
Q

What are the components of gastric juice?

A

Hydrocholric acid, water, and pepsin

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24
Q

Produced in the stomach, ___ factor is essential for the absorption of vitamin B12 by the small intestine.

A

intrinsic

25
Q

What is the source of hydrogen ions used to form stomach acid?

A

The dissociation of carbonic acid

26
Q

Which is not one of the functions of stomach acid?

A

Activates salivary amylase

27
Q

What is the inactive precursor of pepsin?

A

Pepsinogen

28
Q

Which paracrine secretions are produced in both the digestive tract and CNS?

A

Gut-brain peptides

29
Q

What is the function of pepsin?

A

To digest protein

30
Q

What is the significance of the epithelial tight junctions and the mucous coat lining the stomach?

A

They protect the stomach lining from acid damage.

31
Q

What is the function of intrinsic factor?

A

Transport and absorption of vitamin B12

32
Q

Stomach function is regulated in three phases, which are the ___ phase, the intestinal phase, and the cephalic phase.

A

gastric

33
Q

The source of the ___ ions in stomach acid is the dissociation of carbonic acid within parietal cells.

A

hydrogen

34
Q

Choose all that are functions of stomach acid.
- destroys pathogens
- chemically digests proteins
- denatures proteins
- activates pepsin and lingual lipase

A

destroys pathogens
denatures proteins
activates pepsin and lingual lipase

35
Q

Gastric secretion in response to the sight, smell, taste, or thought of food occurs during the ___ phase of gastric function.

A

cephalic

36
Q

Gastric secretion in response to the sight, smell, taste, or thought of food occurs during the ___ phase of gastric function.

A

cephalic

37
Q

Choose all that are secreted by enteroendocrine cells of the gastric glands.

  • somatostatin
  • gastrin
  • HCl acid
  • pepsinogen
  • histamine
A

gastrin
histamine
somatostatin

38
Q

gastric activity during the ___ phase of digestion is stimulated by the presence of food in the stomach.

A

gastric

39
Q

Choose all that protect the stomach lining from the acidic contents.

  • protective gastric juices
  • excessive blood flow
  • mucous coat
  • epithelial cell replacement
  • tight junctions
A

mucous coat
tight junctions
epithelial cell replacement

40
Q

Which gastric hormone stimulates secretion and motility of the stomach?

A

gastrin

41
Q

What are the three phases of gastric activity?

A

cephalic phase
intestinal phase
gastric phase

42
Q

What is the goal of the intestinal phase of gastric regulation?

A

To adjust gastric activity so as to not overload the duodenum

43
Q

What is the source of hydrogen ions used to form stomach acid?

A

The dissociation of carbonic acid

44
Q

What is the irregular opening in the liver that forms an entry/exit point for blood vessels and exit point for bile vessels?

A

Porta hepatis

45
Q

About ______% of the stomach’s acid secretion occurs in the cephalic phase of digestion.

A

40

46
Q

Microscopic subunits of the liver, each consisting of a central vein passing down its core, are called hepatic ___.

A

lobules

47
Q

About ______ of total gastric secretion occur during the gastric phase.

A

two-thirds

48
Q

The hormone produced by enteroendocrine G cells that stimulates stomach HCl and enzyme activity is ___

A

gastrin

49
Q

The intestinal phase of digestion begins when chyme enters the ______.

A

duodenum

50
Q

The structure indicated in the figure is the ___ duct.

A

cystic

51
Q

The irregular opening in the liver that forms an entry/exit point for blood vessels and bile vessels is the ___ hepatis.

A

porta

52
Q

What is contained in bile?

A

Cholesterol, pigments, bile salts, and phospholipids

53
Q

What are the microscopic structural subunits of the liver?

A

Hepatic lobules

54
Q

The acini of the pancreas secrete ______, while the duct cells of the pancreas secrete ______.

A

digestive enzymes

sodium bicarbonate

55
Q

Which gastric hormone stimulates secretion and motility of the stomach?

A

gastrin

56
Q

Bile drains from the gallbladder through which duct?

A

Cystic

57
Q

Choose all that are found in bile.
- phospholipids
- cholesterol
- cholecystokinin
- bile enzymes
- bile acids
- bile pigments

A

Phospholipids
Cholesterol
Bile acids
Bile pigments

58
Q

The ______ of the pancreas secrete sodium bicarbonate, while the ______ of the pancreas secrete digestive enzymes.

A

duct cells, acinar cells

59
Q

What is contained in bile?

A

Cholesterol, pigments, bile salts, and phospholipids

BIOL 204 (35 decks)

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