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PSYC 474 > Lecture 1: Our Longing for Social Connection > Flashcards

Lecture 1: Our Longing for Social Connection Flashcards

1
Q

emotional life events

A
  • Our most intense emotional experiences tend to be interpersonal (relationship-focused) rather than independent (self-focused)
  • ~ 3.59/5 participants listed the most negative and positive emotional events in their lives as interdependent
  • The general finding holds across different age groups, and periods (ex. Month vs. lifetime), and is true of both men and women
    Interdependent events were also rated as having a stronger, longer-lasting emotional impact
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2
Q

independent vs. interdependent events

A

Even seemingly self-oriented independent events (ex. Achievement-oriented stresses or successes) may not be truly independent

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3
Q

the need to belong

A

Human beings have a fundamental need to form and maintain at least a minimum quantity of lasting, positive, and significant interpersonal relationships

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4
Q

fundamental

A
  • Essential, indispensable, integral, intrinsic
  • Something that would have to come programmed in
  • Suggests an evolutionary perspective
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5
Q

natural selection

A

the process through which certain traits become more or less common in a population over time

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6
Q

3 components of natural selection

A
  1. variation
  2. heredity
  3. differential fitness
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7
Q

variation

A

within a population of organisms, there is variation in traits or characteristics

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8
Q

heredity

A

some of this variation is passed down from parents to offspring through genetic inheritance

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9
Q

differential fitness

A

not all individuals in a population survive and reproduce equally

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10
Q

adaptations

A
  • Favourable traits better suited to the environment that increase chances of survival & reproduction
  • These favourable traits gradually accumulate over generations
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11
Q

issues with natural selection

A
  • inclusive fitness
  • Selection happens at the level of the gene, not the individual
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12
Q

inclusive fitness

A
  • Success in passing on one’s genes to the next generation
  • Comprises both individual survival & reproduction and impact on the survival and reproduction of genetic relatives
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13
Q

environment of evolutionary adaptedness

A

the ancestral environment to which a species is adapted

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14
Q

how did group living benefit humans evolutionarily?

A
  • Help hunting large game & foraging
  • Sharing food
  • Defensive vigilance and greater strength against predators and hostile outgroups
  • Help caring for offspring
    Access to mates
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15
Q

testaments to the life-sustaining benefits of belonging

A
  • Babies
  • The Shanidar, a disabled Homo neanderthalensis who lived into his 40s by receiving help from others
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16
Q

the need to belong and reproduction

A

Those who were more motivated to belong would be more likely to survive, passing on those belonging-inclined genes

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17
Q

cross-cultural evidence of universality

A
  • People in every society on Earth naturally gravitate towards small primary groups
  • People become attached to even meaningless groups
  • People around the world experience profound distress when their relationships are threatened or lost
18
Q

cross-species evidence for universality

A
  • Research on baboon BFFs (determined based on how long they spend grooming each other)
  • Female baboons with stronger & more stable social bonds live longer
  • They also have a better chance of their offspring surviving
19
Q

evidence for the fundamental need to belong

A
  • cross-cultural evidence of universality
  • cross-species evidence of universality
  • one perspective on emotion argues that we share the same basic emotional brain circuitry with other animals
  • we don’t have social experiences, we actively construct social experiences
20
Q

how is the fundamental need to belong universal?

A

all around the world, social bonds:
- Are easy to form
- Hard to break
&
- We suffer when relationships end or when we lack relationships

21
Q

characteristics of intimate relationships

A
  1. knowledge
  2. interdependence
  3. caring
  4. trust
  5. responsiveness
  6. mutuality
  7. committment
22
Q

knowledge

A

extensive, very personal

23
Q

interdependence

A

impact each other in frequent, strong, diverse, and enduring ways

24
Q

caring

A

affection

25
Q

trust

A

expect to be treated well

26
Q

responsiveness

A

feeling that one’s partner understands, respects, and appreciates one

27
Q

mutuality

A

“us” vs. “me” and “them”

28
Q

commitment

A

the expectation that the relationship will continue and one will continue to invest in the relationship

29
Q

Sternberg’s triangular theory of love

A

love is made up of 3 components, which can range from low to high: passion, intimacy, and commitment

30
Q

passion

A
  • Physical arousal, desire, excitement, and need
  • Usually includes sexual desire
  • Typically the difference between “loving” and “being in love”
31
Q

intimacy

A
  • Feelings of closeness, connection, and warmth
  • Emotional component
  • Warm/emotional component
32
Q

commitment

A
  • Permanence, stability, and the desire to maintain the relationship
  • Cold/cognitive component
33
Q

kinds of love

A
  • nonlove
  • liking
  • infatuated love
  • empty love
  • romantic love
  • companionate love
  • fatuous love
  • consummate love
34
Q

nonlove

A
  • intimacy, passion, and commitment are all absent/low
  • Ex. casual, superficial relationship
35
Q

liking

A
  • intimacy is high; passion and commitment are low
  • Ex. many friendships
36
Q

infatuated love

A
  • passion is high; intimacy and commitment are low
  • Ex. love at first sight
37
Q

empty love

A
  • commitment is high; intimacy and passion are low
  • Ex. burned-out relationships, arranged marriages
38
Q

romantic love

A
  • high intimacy and passion, but not high commitment
  • Can lead to commitment, but not necessarily
39
Q

companionate love

A
  • high intimacy and commitment, but low passion
  • Ex. long, happy marriages
40
Q

fatuous love

A
  • high passion and commitment, but low intimacy
  • Ex. whirlwind courtships
41
Q

consummate love

A
  • high intimacy, passion, and commitment
  • Highly sought after, but may be hard to maintain over time

PSYC 474 (15 decks)

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