Chapter 3: Attraction Flashcards
the fundamental basis of attraction
We are attracted to those whose presence is rewarding to us
two types of rewards that influence attraction
direct & indirect rewards
direct rewards
rewards we receive from our interaction with others
indirect rewards
benefits of which we’re not always aware and that are merely associated with someone else
instrumentality
the extent to which someone can help us achieve our present goals
impact of instrumentality on relationships
We’re attracted to people who can help us get what we currently want
key influences on attraction
- proximity
- physical attractiveness
- reciprocity
- similarity
proximity
- Relationships are more rewarding when they involve people who are physically and psychologically close
- Proximity makes it more likely that two people will meet and interact
- Proximity is convenient
when is proximity problematic?
when partners in long-distance relationships are reunited after time apart because they have to renegotiate their roles and rhythms and confront the things that they didn’t like about each other
why are online dating outcomes often disappointing?
- Users encounter a lot of ambiguous rejection
- There are fewer partners out there than it may seem
- The abundance of choice isn’t necessarily conducive to relationship success
mere exposure effect
Mere exposure to someone usually increases our liking for them
physical attractiveness and first impressions
Physical attractiveness influences the first impressions we form
assumptions about attractive people
- We tend to assume that good-looking people are more likable and better people than those who are unattractive
- We make these decisions automatically
notions of attractiveness across people
People generally share the same notions of who’s attractive and who isn’t
physical attractiveness in newborns study
Newborn infants exhibit preferences for faces that adults find attractive
what faces are considered more attractive?
- “Averaged” faces tend to be more attractive
- Facial symmetry is considered attractive
scent and physical attractiveness
People prefer the natural scent of attractive people to unattractive people
evolutionary view of physical attractiveness
- Some theorists argue that our standards of beauty have an evolutionary basis
- Early humans who sought fertile, robust, and healthy mates were more likely to reproduce
context and physical attractiveness
Standards of attractiveness are also affected by changing economic and cultural conditions
what predicts interest after a speed date?
The most important predictor of interest after a brief first date remains physical attractiveness
downside of being attractive
Attractive people are used to pleasant interactions with others, but they tend not to trust other people as much as less attractive people do