Lack Practical 2 Flashcards
myxinoidea, a hagfish possess ___________ for defense. Are myxinoidea vertebrates?
slime glands.
They are considered vertebrates because although they have a skull, they have not vertebral column
Do lampreys possess a backbone, jaws, fins?
they do possess a backbone made of cartilage, they do not possess jaws, and they do possess fins.
FYI: lampreys are petrimyxoniodia
Do condrythies possess a swim bladder or bone operculum?
No, as a result sharks and rays must continue swimming to breath and prevent sinking
what did jaws evolve from
gill arches
compair primitive and advanced fins?
primitive pelvic fins are more posterior and radial or sides of the body.
advanced fins are more anterior and centered in the body
what are ray finned fish named for?
the shape of their fins
what is the purpose of a body operculum?
the boney operculum beat weather the fish is swimming or not allowing them to continue breathing while not swimming
Why are dipnoi called lung fishes
they were the first fish to possess lungs. they also possess gills. They have lobe finns which are more muscular and limb like.
In what environment are amphibians found?
moist terrestrial because they have primitive lungs which require water exposure.
why does the frog skeleton have strong pelvic and pectoral girdles?
the pelvic fins became hind limbs. the pectoral limbs became the forelimbs. They have strong pelvic and pectoral girdles because they are experiencing gravity.
who are snakes most closely related to?
lizards are most closely related to snakes
what is the function of a turtle shell?
used for protection
dorsal surface- carapace
central surface- plastron
what did the scale of a bird modify into for flight. name other modifications of a bird.
the scales modified into feathers. they are endothermic to preserve energy for flight. they have a muscular keel to help in flight. they also have honeycomb bones
are mammals amniotes.
yes mammals are amniotes. the placenta will replace the amniotic egg in many mammals.
name synapomorphies that distinguish mammals
mammary glands and hair
what is the advantage of limbs that have been rotated to the ventral side of the body.
This advantage would be more effective weight bearing.
where is simple squamous epithelium found
in the alveoli of the lungs. simple means 1 layer of cells
distinguish between apical and basal surface
the apical surface faces the lumen and the basal surface faces the basement membrane
what is pseduostratified epithelium
the nuclei stager and they appear staggered. only in columnar. usually ciliated
were is simple cubical epithelium
in the kidney walls
where is simple columnar epithelium
intestine walls
where is psedostratified columnar epithelium
in the larynx and the trachea
where is stratified squamous epithelium
digestive tract and surface of skin
where is loose connective tissue found
they are found almost everywhere. it is found under epithelium
what fibers make up dense connective tissue
collagen fibers
what is the different between tendons and ligaments
tendons connect bone to muscle
ligaments connect bone to bone
what fills the majority of space in a adipose cell
a fat droplet
where is cartilage located in vertebrates that have a bone skeleton
knees, intervertebral discs, ribs,
explain the difference between cartilage and bone.
bone is used for structural support
cartilage is for flexible support
what are bone cells
osteocytes in lacunae
what is the function of the central canal
the central canal holds blood vessels.
what are the two types of blood vessels
leukocytes: immunity cells
erythrocytes: transport nutrients and wastes
is skeletal muscle voluntary or involuntary
voluntary
what is the function of intercalated discs
cardiac muscle located in the walls of the heart. Intercalated discs join adjacent cardiac cells
name characteristics of smooth muscle
smooth muscle is not striated nor branched. smooth muscle is found throughout the digestive system
what is a neuron? what is a glial cell?
neurons are larger cells.
glial cells are more numerous and support neurons
what is a psedocolem?
is located between endoderm and mesoderm, while a eucolem is located in mesoderm. Rotifers and nematode have a psedocolem.
turbatrix is a
microscopic nematodi. they are free swimming
in what environment do horseshoe crabs live
arthropods that live in primarily marine environments
how many walking legs do chelicerates have? how many magmata?
they have 8 walking legs. 2 tagmata- cephalothorax and abdomen. The legs are typically attached to the abdomen
what is the function of anterior appendages in chelicerates
pinchers
what is the environments of various crustaceans
crabs, lobsters and shrimp- marine
crayfish-> freshwater
isopods-> terrestrial
how many walking legs on each segment do myriadpods have? what kind of animal are myriapods
they have 2 legs on each segment.
They are decomposers
how many tagmata do insects have? how many walking legs? on which tagmata are its walking legs located
3 tagmata cephalic, thorax, abdomen
6 walking legs, they typically attach to thorax or abdomen
what kind of lifestyle do pedicures possess
ectoparasites. they do not possess wings
in a grasshopper what connects the trachea
malphighian tubules
trace water through the water vascular system of a echinoderm
madreporite, ring canal, radial canal, tube feet
where would you find a brittle star
shallow marine habitats
how do sand dollars feed
sand dollars feed using a modified form of cilia
where did the tube feet of a sand dollar use to be located
the under side of the sand dollar
In urochordata what characteristic do they maintain as adults
gill slits
4 chordata characteristics
- pharengial gill slits
- dorsal hollow nerve cord
- nerve cord
- post anal tail
how does water flow through a tunicate
water enters the atrium and filter through this. then exits the atriopore
what is the difference between the adult and larval stage of lancets
the adult stage is sessile while the juvenile stage is free swimming. Although they maintain all 4 characteristic throughout their life.
in a sponge ________ cells trap the food
choanocytes
track water in a sponge
travels through the spongocoel from ostia
how do cnidarians trap their food
using cynidosytes that are stinging cells that capture food
the hydra is a _________________
polyp. it reproduces asexually by budding
what is the gastrovascular cavity
its located in acolem animals. It is the central digestive compartment. Single mouth/anus
in a Portuguese man of war are the tiny polyps located on the tentacles or the float
polyps are located on tentacles
the mouth anus and tenticles are located on
the lower side of the medusa
a planula is a result of __________ reproduction because its gametes fuse
sexual
stages of a planula
planula- ephyrae- adult jelly
sea anemones are
polyps
the sea fan is more _____________ than corals
flattened
where is the pharynx located in a planula
in the middle of the animal. It is on the ventral side of the animal.
what is cephalization.
cephalization means defendant head and posterior and anteror ends
in which tissue layer are most organs located
mesoderm
tapeworms are composed of segments called _______________________________
protoglots
what structures do a tapeworm have that allow it to effective parasitize
the hooks, scolex, and sucker enable the work to attach to the host. The tapeworm possess a gastrovascular cavity
rotifers undergo ________________ a unique form of a sexual reproduction.
parthenogenesis
almost all rotifers are females
chitons have a
8 plated shell
what is a limpet
a gastropod. a shelled slug
what is the name of the rasping organ possess by all mollusks except bivalves
radula
bivalves are
filter feeders
the _________ is the only cephalopod that has an external shell
chamber nautilus
what is the modified foot is cephalopods
feeding arms and tentacles. also for locomotion
______________ segmentation
metamerism
____________ an organ that functions in locomotion of squid. expels water
funnel
_______________ located at the top of the mental, used to open and close mental cavity
collar
____________ covers organ in a squid
mantal
_____________________ correspond to the stomach in a grasshopper
crop and gizzard
crop is storage organ
gizzard grinding organ
what is the habitat of a leach
freshwater
what is the name of the feeding projection on a polychaete
parapodia
