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Biology 202- Organism Biology > Lack Practical 2 > Flashcards

Lack Practical 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

myxinoidea, a hagfish possess ___________ for defense. Are myxinoidea vertebrates?

A

slime glands.

They are considered vertebrates because although they have a skull, they have not vertebral column

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2
Q

Do lampreys possess a backbone, jaws, fins?

A

they do possess a backbone made of cartilage, they do not possess jaws, and they do possess fins.
FYI: lampreys are petrimyxoniodia

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3
Q

Do condrythies possess a swim bladder or bone operculum?

A

No, as a result sharks and rays must continue swimming to breath and prevent sinking

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4
Q

what did jaws evolve from

A

gill arches

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5
Q

compair primitive and advanced fins?

A

primitive pelvic fins are more posterior and radial or sides of the body.
advanced fins are more anterior and centered in the body

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6
Q

what are ray finned fish named for?

A

the shape of their fins

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7
Q

what is the purpose of a body operculum?

A

the boney operculum beat weather the fish is swimming or not allowing them to continue breathing while not swimming

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8
Q

Why are dipnoi called lung fishes

A

they were the first fish to possess lungs. they also possess gills. They have lobe finns which are more muscular and limb like.

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9
Q

In what environment are amphibians found?

A

moist terrestrial because they have primitive lungs which require water exposure.

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10
Q

why does the frog skeleton have strong pelvic and pectoral girdles?

A

the pelvic fins became hind limbs. the pectoral limbs became the forelimbs. They have strong pelvic and pectoral girdles because they are experiencing gravity.

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11
Q

who are snakes most closely related to?

A

lizards are most closely related to snakes

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12
Q

what is the function of a turtle shell?

A

used for protection
dorsal surface- carapace
central surface- plastron

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13
Q

what did the scale of a bird modify into for flight. name other modifications of a bird.

A

the scales modified into feathers. they are endothermic to preserve energy for flight. they have a muscular keel to help in flight. they also have honeycomb bones

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14
Q

are mammals amniotes.

A

yes mammals are amniotes. the placenta will replace the amniotic egg in many mammals.

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15
Q

name synapomorphies that distinguish mammals

A

mammary glands and hair

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16
Q

what is the advantage of limbs that have been rotated to the ventral side of the body.

A

This advantage would be more effective weight bearing.

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17
Q

where is simple squamous epithelium found

A

in the alveoli of the lungs. simple means 1 layer of cells

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18
Q

distinguish between apical and basal surface

A

the apical surface faces the lumen and the basal surface faces the basement membrane

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19
Q

what is pseduostratified epithelium

A

the nuclei stager and they appear staggered. only in columnar. usually ciliated

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20
Q

were is simple cubical epithelium

A

in the kidney walls

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21
Q

where is simple columnar epithelium

A

intestine walls

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22
Q

where is psedostratified columnar epithelium

A

in the larynx and the trachea

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23
Q

where is stratified squamous epithelium

A

digestive tract and surface of skin

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24
Q

where is loose connective tissue found

A

they are found almost everywhere. it is found under epithelium

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25
Q

what fibers make up dense connective tissue

A

collagen fibers

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26
Q

what is the different between tendons and ligaments

A

tendons connect bone to muscle

ligaments connect bone to bone

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27
Q

what fills the majority of space in a adipose cell

A

a fat droplet

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28
Q

where is cartilage located in vertebrates that have a bone skeleton

A

knees, intervertebral discs, ribs,

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29
Q

explain the difference between cartilage and bone.

A

bone is used for structural support

cartilage is for flexible support

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30
Q

what are bone cells

A

osteocytes in lacunae

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31
Q

what is the function of the central canal

A

the central canal holds blood vessels.

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32
Q

what are the two types of blood vessels

A

leukocytes: immunity cells
erythrocytes: transport nutrients and wastes

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33
Q

is skeletal muscle voluntary or involuntary

A

voluntary

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34
Q

what is the function of intercalated discs

A

cardiac muscle located in the walls of the heart. Intercalated discs join adjacent cardiac cells

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35
Q

name characteristics of smooth muscle

A

smooth muscle is not striated nor branched. smooth muscle is found throughout the digestive system

36
Q

what is a neuron? what is a glial cell?

A

neurons are larger cells.

glial cells are more numerous and support neurons

37
Q

what is a psedocolem?

A

is located between endoderm and mesoderm, while a eucolem is located in mesoderm. Rotifers and nematode have a psedocolem.

38
Q

turbatrix is a

A

microscopic nematodi. they are free swimming

39
Q

in what environment do horseshoe crabs live

A

arthropods that live in primarily marine environments

40
Q

how many walking legs do chelicerates have? how many magmata?

A

they have 8 walking legs. 2 tagmata- cephalothorax and abdomen. The legs are typically attached to the abdomen

41
Q

what is the function of anterior appendages in chelicerates

A

pinchers

42
Q

what is the environments of various crustaceans

A

crabs, lobsters and shrimp- marine
crayfish-> freshwater
isopods-> terrestrial

43
Q

how many walking legs on each segment do myriadpods have? what kind of animal are myriapods

A

they have 2 legs on each segment.

They are decomposers

44
Q

how many tagmata do insects have? how many walking legs? on which tagmata are its walking legs located

A

3 tagmata cephalic, thorax, abdomen

6 walking legs, they typically attach to thorax or abdomen

45
Q

what kind of lifestyle do pedicures possess

A

ectoparasites. they do not possess wings

46
Q

in a grasshopper what connects the trachea

A

malphighian tubules

47
Q

trace water through the water vascular system of a echinoderm

A

madreporite, ring canal, radial canal, tube feet

48
Q

where would you find a brittle star

A

shallow marine habitats

49
Q

how do sand dollars feed

A

sand dollars feed using a modified form of cilia

50
Q

where did the tube feet of a sand dollar use to be located

A

the under side of the sand dollar

51
Q

In urochordata what characteristic do they maintain as adults

A

gill slits

52
Q

4 chordata characteristics

A
  • pharengial gill slits
  • dorsal hollow nerve cord
  • nerve cord
  • post anal tail
53
Q

how does water flow through a tunicate

A

water enters the atrium and filter through this. then exits the atriopore

54
Q

what is the difference between the adult and larval stage of lancets

A

the adult stage is sessile while the juvenile stage is free swimming. Although they maintain all 4 characteristic throughout their life.

55
Q

in a sponge ________ cells trap the food

A

choanocytes

56
Q

track water in a sponge

A

travels through the spongocoel from ostia

57
Q

how do cnidarians trap their food

A

using cynidosytes that are stinging cells that capture food

58
Q

the hydra is a _________________

A

polyp. it reproduces asexually by budding

59
Q

what is the gastrovascular cavity

A

its located in acolem animals. It is the central digestive compartment. Single mouth/anus

60
Q

in a Portuguese man of war are the tiny polyps located on the tentacles or the float

A

polyps are located on tentacles

61
Q

the mouth anus and tenticles are located on

A

the lower side of the medusa

62
Q

a planula is a result of __________ reproduction because its gametes fuse

A

sexual

63
Q

stages of a planula

A

planula- ephyrae- adult jelly

64
Q

sea anemones are

A

polyps

65
Q

the sea fan is more _____________ than corals

A

flattened

66
Q

where is the pharynx located in a planula

A

in the middle of the animal. It is on the ventral side of the animal.

67
Q

what is cephalization.

A

cephalization means defendant head and posterior and anteror ends

68
Q

in which tissue layer are most organs located

A

mesoderm

69
Q

tapeworms are composed of segments called _______________________________

A

protoglots

70
Q

what structures do a tapeworm have that allow it to effective parasitize

A

the hooks, scolex, and sucker enable the work to attach to the host. The tapeworm possess a gastrovascular cavity

71
Q

rotifers undergo ________________ a unique form of a sexual reproduction.

A

parthenogenesis

almost all rotifers are females

72
Q

chitons have a

A

8 plated shell

73
Q

what is a limpet

A

a gastropod. a shelled slug

74
Q

what is the name of the rasping organ possess by all mollusks except bivalves

A

radula

75
Q

bivalves are

A

filter feeders

76
Q

the _________ is the only cephalopod that has an external shell

A

chamber nautilus

77
Q

what is the modified foot is cephalopods

A

feeding arms and tentacles. also for locomotion

78
Q

______________ segmentation

A

metamerism

79
Q

____________ an organ that functions in locomotion of squid. expels water

A

funnel

80
Q

_______________ located at the top of the mental, used to open and close mental cavity

A

collar

81
Q

____________ covers organ in a squid

A

mantal

82
Q

_____________________ correspond to the stomach in a grasshopper

A

crop and gizzard

83
Q

crop is storage organ

A

gizzard grinding organ

84
Q

what is the habitat of a leach

A

freshwater

85
Q

what is the name of the feeding projection on a polychaete

A

parapodia

Biology 202- Organism Biology (30 decks)

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