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Biology 202- Organism Biology > Chapter 42-respiration > Flashcards

Chapter 42-respiration Flashcards

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1
Q

the respiratory system functions in ______________

A

gas exchange

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2
Q

__________ is brough into the animals body and ____________ is removed

A

O2

CO2

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3
Q

O2 is used by animals for _______________ while CO2 is the waste product of this process

A

cellular respiration

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4
Q

O2 and CO2 are exchanged between the _______________

A

animal and enviroment in external respirarion

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5
Q

_______________ is the exchange that takes place between the animals respiration surface and capillaries

A

external respiration

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6
Q

02 and CO2 transports throughout the __________________

A

animals body within its blood.

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7
Q

in _____________________ 02 and CO2 are transported thoughout the animals body and exchanged between the capillaries and the bodys cells termed internal capillaries

A

internal respiration

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8
Q

an animals respiratoy surface is its organ of ___________________ with enviroment

A

animals repiratiory surface

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9
Q

respiratory surface are _____________________ providing a large surface area for gas exchange

A

extensively branched

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10
Q

respiratory surface are ___________________ allowing efficient diffusion of gases

A

thin and moist

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11
Q

an animals repiratiory medium is ___________

A

source of 02 (water or air)

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12
Q

obtainign O2 from water or air poses _________________

A

different chalenges

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13
Q

the atmosphere contains ______________

A

21% O2

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14
Q

ocenas and lakes contains ______________

A

4% )2

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15
Q

water keeps respiratory surfaces ________

A

moist

respiratory surfaces on land that are exposed to air are suseptible to desication

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16
Q

the respiratoy surface of fish are _______________

A

gills

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17
Q

gills are __________________________

A

outward extensions of the body surfac e

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18
Q

fishes obtain O2 by

A

passing water over gills

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19
Q

____________ in cartilagenous fish

______________________ accomplished in bony fish

A

swimming

bony operculum

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20
Q

as water is pumped over the gills, exchange of O2 and CO2 occurs between the water and capillaries that lie just beneath _______________

A

gill surfaces

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21
Q

fish push water past gill is ______________ and blood in the _____________ direction

A

one direction

the opposite

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22
Q

_____________ is the push of water in one direction and blood in the opposite in fish respiration

A

countercurrent exchange

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23
Q

____________ blood in the gills always encounter water with a high 02 concentration ensuring the diffussion of 02 into the blood .

A

countercurrent exchange

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24
Q

_______________ is an extremely efficient mechanism for extracting 02 from water where it is in short supply

A

countercurrent exchange

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25
Q

terrestrial tetrapods obtain o2 from ________

A

air

the respiratory surfaces are lungs

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26
Q

lungs are _______________ to avoid desication

A

folded within the body

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27
Q

lungs are connected to the outside of the body by the way of ______________

A

narrow tubes that act as air passageways

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28
Q

this enables ait intake and gas exchange while keeping respiratory surface ____________

A

moist

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29
Q

___________ is the process that ventilates the lungs

A

breathing

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30
Q

amphibians exhibit ___________________ breathing

A

possitive pressure

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31
Q

amphibians inflate lungs by squizzing its throat down ward from the oral and nasal cavities

A

this limits an amphibians breathing capacity to the volume of these two cavities

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32
Q

reptiles exhibit _______________ breathing

A

negative pressure

33
Q

breath capacity increases as a result of ____________________

A

an increase to the size of the thoracic cavity

34
Q

prior to inhalation, __________________________

A

airpressure in lungs and in lungs are equal

35
Q

during inhalation the ribs muscles ______________ ___________ the thoracic cavity

A

contract

expanding

36
Q

_______________ are located in thoracic cavity

increase lung volume reduces air pressure, greater air pressure in atmosphere causes air to flow in lungs

A

lungs

37
Q

during exhalation the musles relax _________________

A

decreasing the volume of the thorax. pressure increase in lung forces air out

38
Q

structurally the respiratory system can be divided into an _______________

A

upper and lower respiratory tract

39
Q

functionaly the respiratory system can be divided into

A

conducting portion: transports air

respiratoy portion accomplished oxygen transport

40
Q

________________ provided inlet for air

A

nasal caity

41
Q

upper respiratory tract consists of the ________________ nd _________________

A

nasal cavity

pharynx

42
Q

these organs belong to the __________________ of the respiratory system

A

conducting portion

43
Q

the ______________ provide an inlet for air

A

nasal cavity

44
Q

______________ within the skull bones secrete mucus that drains into the nasal cavity

A

sinuses

45
Q

the floor of the nasal cavity is formed by the _______________

A

palate

46
Q

The ____________ is a common passageway of food and air

A

pharynx

47
Q

the ___________ seals off the connection between the nasal and oral cavities when swallowing so food and liquid are not sent upward

A

uvula

48
Q

the conducting portion of the lower respiratory tract consist of the _______________________________

A

larynx, trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles

49
Q

the repiratory portion of the lower respiratory tract consist of _________________________

A

alveoli

50
Q

the _______________ connects the nasal cavity superiorly to the larynx inferiorly

A

pharynx

51
Q

pharyn connects the oral cavity superiorly to the_________________

A

esophagus

52
Q

pharynx- larynx- trachea

A

order of tubes

53
Q

the larynx provide a passagewat for air into the __________________

A

lower respiratory tract

54
Q

the _________________ seals off the larynx when swallowing

A

epiglottis

55
Q

the larynx functions in ____________________

A

sound production

56
Q

_________________ follows inferiorly from the larynx

A

the trachea

57
Q

the trachea runs anterior to the ______________

A

esophagus.

58
Q

the trachea is made of ____________

A

cartilage which permits flexibility of the trachea as food moves down to neighboring esophagus

59
Q

the inner tracheal wall is lined by ______________________ whch secrete mucus that traps debris particles within the tracheas lumen. cillia sweeps the debris upward away from the lungs

A

psedostratified collumnar epithelium

60
Q

the trachea branches inferiorly ________________________

A

into the right and left primary branchi

61
Q

____________________ is a highly branched system of air conducting tubes residing within the lungs

A

the bronchial tree

62
Q

the right and left primary bronchi extend from the thachea and enter into the lungs

A

by the time air reaches the lungs it is warmed moistened cleaned

63
Q

_______________ branch into smaller diameter secondary bronchi, tertiary bronchi, and so on.

A

primary bronchi

64
Q

the smallest branches pf the bronchial tree are called

A

bronchioles

65
Q

______________ constitutes the end of the conducting portion of the respiratory system

A

bronchioles

66
Q

bronchioles lead to ______________ which make of the _____________________

A

alveoli

repiratory portion

67
Q

alveoli are _____________________

A

tiny round organs of gass exchange

68
Q

the walls of the alveoli consist of _______________________ epithelium

A

simple squamos

69
Q

the lungs contain _____________________ providing a huge surface area for gas exchange for gass exchange

A

350 million

70
Q

alveoli are surrounded by a ______________________

A

network of capillaries

71
Q

birds fly for long period of time in_________________ enviroments

A

high altitude, low O2

72
Q

aquatic invertebrates posees _____________

A

gills

73
Q

birds possess a circulator respiratory system involving _____________________________ surrounding the lungs and a one way flow of O2

A

anterior and posterior sacs

74
Q

while other terrestrial vertebrates get no new air during exhalation, birds receive 02 during _______________

A

both inhalation and exhalation

75
Q

earthworms exhibit ________________ respiration

A

cutaneus

76
Q

in _________________: gas exchange occurs between the atmosphere and capillaries located beneath the skin

A

cutaneus respiration

77
Q

insect respiratoy and circulatory system are _____________________

A

seperate

78
Q

in insects the trahcea open to the outside body by way of the ______________________

A

spiracles

Biology 202- Organism Biology (30 decks)

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