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Biology 202- Organism Biology > Chapter 44 > Flashcards

Chapter 44 Flashcards

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1
Q

the ____________ eliminates _________________ from the body

A

excretory system

nitrogenous waste

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2
Q

nitrogenous waste are produced during metabolic breakdown of _____________________

A

proteins and nucleic acids

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3
Q

the excretory system is involved in regulating the body’s ________________________ balance

A
  • water
  • solute
  • ph
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4
Q

__________________ is regulating the water and solute balance in the body is

A

osmoregulation

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5
Q

an animals nitrogenous wastes reflect its __________________________

A

habitat and evolutionary history

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6
Q

3 types of nitrogenous wastes

A
  • ammonia
  • urea
  • uric acid
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7
Q

_________________ is the original nitrogenous waste produced by proteins and nucleic acids in all animals

A

ammonia

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8
Q

ammonia is very _________________ so it must be eliminated with large quantities of water in order to dilute its concentration

A

toxic

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9
Q

losing large amounts of water in the excretion of ammonia is only practical for __________________

A

aquatic animals

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10
Q

which animals possess ammonia excretion

A

freshwater bony fishes and aquatic invertebrates

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11
Q

__________________ cannot afford to lose large quanties of water required for ammonia excretion

A

marine and terrestrial animals

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12
Q

within the _______________ of animals ammonia is converted to ______________ by combining ammonia with ______________

A

liver
urea
CO2

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13
Q

which animals possess urea excretion

A

cartilaginous fishes, marine bony fishes, amphibians and mammals

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14
Q

2 advantages of urea

A
  • much less toxic than ammonia

- much less water is lost when nitrogen is excreted within a concentrated solution of urea

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15
Q

disadvantage of urea

A

converting ammonia to urea is energetically costly

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16
Q

who possess uric acid as a nitrogenous waste

A

insects, terrestrial snails and reptiles

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17
Q

advantage of uric acid

A
  • even less toxic

- excreted as a semisolid paste. least water is lost

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18
Q

disadvantage of uric acid

A

-uric acid is the most complicated molecule so it requires even more energy expenditure

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19
Q

there are many _____________________ in different animal groups

A

excretory systems

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20
Q

all lexcretory systems are based on a network of tubules that provide a large ___________ for the excretion

A

surface area

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21
Q

______________ a type of excretory system that is a branching of internal tubules

A

protonephridia

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22
Q

protonephridia dead end at _____________ that filter nitrogenous wastes from animals interstitial fluid

A

flame bulb

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23
Q

protonephridia connect to external openings in the animals body wall, nitrogenous wastes are excred by the ______________________

A

surround enviroment

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24
Q

___________________________ possess a protonephridia excretion system

A

flatworms, rotifers, and lancets

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25
Q

________________ posses a metanephridia excritory system

A

annelid

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26
Q

in a metanephridia system each segment of an _____________________ contains a pair of _____________________

A

annelid’s body

metanephridia

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27
Q

3 steps of metanephridia

A
  • internal opening contains cillia that draw in coetomic fluid
  • the collecting tubules is sorounding by a capillary network that reabsorb water and solutes
  • the batter excretes nitrogenous wastes to the surrounding enviroment through the external enviroment
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28
Q

______________________ possess malphighaian tubules

A

insects and terrestrial arthropods

29
Q

malphighaian tubules are extensions of the digestive tract that filter ___________________

A

hemolymth

30
Q

in ________________:

water solutes are absorbed by intestine and feces and nitrogenous wastes are eliminated together as dry waste

A

malphighaian tubules

31
Q

mammalian excretory system is refferred to as _____________

A

urinary system

32
Q

the urinary system consists of 6 organs

A

-2 kidneys
2 ureters
-1 bladder
-1 urethra

33
Q

function of kidney is they filter

A

the bloods plasma

34
Q

in the kidney waster and necessary solutes will be reabsorbed and returned to the bloods ________________

A

plasma

35
Q

in mammals nitrogenous waste will be excreted as ___________________

A

urea within urine

36
Q

the external anatomy:

_______________ exit the kidney and ____________ enters kidney through renal hilium

A

uretor and renal vien

renal artery

37
Q

the external anatomy:

_______________ exit the kidney and ____________ enters kidney through renal hilium

A

ureter and renal vien

renal artery

38
Q

kidneys are surrounded by _______________________

A

adipose

39
Q

_____________: the outer region of kidney where _________________ are located and urine is produced

A

renal cortex

nephrons

40
Q

_____________ are areas of renal pelivis that collect urine from one renal pyramid

A

minor alyces

41
Q

in the renal medulla ____________________ are located within renal pyramids of the renal medulla

A

collecting ducts

42
Q

__________________ is the inner concave region of kidney that is continuos with the ureter leaving the kidneys renal hilum.

A

renal pelvis

43
Q

_____________ are areas of renal pelvis that collect urine from one renal pyramid

A

minor calyces

44
Q

_________________________ represents the convergence of several minor calyces in kidneys

A

major calyces

45
Q

major calyces send urine to the _______________

A

ureter

46
Q

________________ are the functional units of the kidney

A

nephrons

47
Q

there are _____________ nephrons per kidney

A

1.25 million

48
Q

nephrons are located in the renal ___________________

A

cortex

49
Q

nephrons forms ____________

A

urine

50
Q

______________ urea plus water and solutes

A

urine

51
Q

3 components of a nephron

A
  • glomerulus
  • renal tubule
  • browman’s capsule
52
Q

______________________; is the network of capillaries from which blood is filtered

A

glomerulus

53
Q

__________ is the tube that filters blood from the glomerulus forming urine

A

renal tubule

54
Q

________________ is the beginning of the renal tubule

A

browman’s capsule

55
Q

the ___________ is the collective name for glomerulus plus browman’s capsule

A

renal corpuscle

56
Q

blood is called ______________ in the glomeruls and browman’s capsule stage

A

filtrate

57
Q

_______________ surounds remaining renal tubules, reabsorbing water and solutes from the filtrate

A

peritubular capillaries

58
Q

___________________ is the coiled extension of the renal tubule that is continuos with browman’s capsule

A

proximal tubule

59
Q

the ______________ is the only part of the nephron that extends into the renal medulla

A

loop of henle

60
Q

______________ collect urine from several nephrons

A

collecting ducts

61
Q

collecting ducts send urine through the renal pyramids to the __________________

A

minor calyces

62
Q

ureters extend from the ___________ to _____________

A

renal hilium

urinary bladder

63
Q

ureters __________ urine away from the kidneys

A

transport

64
Q

the urinary bladder temporarily ______________ urine away until it can be released

A

stores

65
Q

__________ within the bladder wall allows for enormous distension when the bladderr is filled with urine

A

smooth muscle

66
Q

the urethra ___________ urine outside of the body

A

expels

67
Q

in females the urethra is a short tube located anterior to the ____________________

A

vagina

68
Q

in males the urethra is much longer tube that travels through the _______________________

A

prostate gland and penis

Biology 202- Organism Biology (30 decks)

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