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Biology 202- Organism Biology > Chapter 36 > Flashcards

Chapter 36 Flashcards

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1
Q

water and minerals in ______ are ________ by roots

A

soil, absorbed

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2
Q

water and minerals are transported upward from roots to shoots as ________________

A

xylem sap

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3
Q

__________________ the evaporative loss of water from leaves through stomata creates a force that pulles xylem sap upward

A

transpiration

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4
Q

_________________ are produced by photosynthesis in the leaves. They are transported by __________________

A 
sugars 
phloem sap (from source to sink)
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5
Q

a sugar source ___________

A

produces sugar, leaves

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6
Q

a sugar sink is an organ that ____________ (3)

A

consumes sugar

shoot tip, roots, flowers/leaves

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7
Q

______________ occurs in the leaves and in the roots

A

gas exchange

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8
Q

leaves take in _________ and release _________ through the _________________

A

CO2, 02, stomata

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9
Q

roots exchange gass with air spaces in soil

A

taking in 02 and releasing C02

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10
Q

soil particles are classified by _________

A

size

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11
Q

3 sizes of soil

A
  • sand
  • silt
  • clay
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12
Q

soil contains __________: dead organic matter

A

humus

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13
Q

sand has _______________ between particles. Water and minerals are leached through sand. These enable efficient diffusion of oxygen of plant roots

A

large pools

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14
Q

silt and clay have very _____________ between particles. and minerals are not leached through silt and clay. Water and minerals are not leached through silt and clay. Water drains so slowly through silt and clay that saturated the soil

A

small pores

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15
Q

the most productive soil contains

A

and equal mixture of sand silt and clay

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16
Q

and equal mixture of sand silt and clay

A

loam

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17
Q

_________________ consists of organic matter decomposing in soil

A

humus

high content is optimal for plant nutrition

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18
Q

humus is main source of mineral nutrients in the soil

A

humus provided increased surface area for adhesion of water and minerals

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19
Q

live organic are necessary for decomposition and soil mixing

A

bacteria fungi anthropoid worms and plant roots live within and shape the soil

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20
Q

although excessive amounts of water can have negative consequences,

A

a water deficiency is of course harmful as well

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21
Q

minerals are dissolved in a solution

A

a very dry soil therefore leads to a lack of both water and nutrients

22
Q

soil particles tend to be ________________

A

negatively charged ions

23
Q

a majority of a plants essential inorganic nutrients ref ___________________________________________

A

positively charged cations and adhere to the negative anions of the soil

24
Q

________________ has a high hydrogen ion (H+) concentration

A

acidic

25
Q

H+ ions (hydrogen ions) adhere to soil particles displacing essential cations

A

cations are leached through soil and are no longer available to plant roots

26
Q

__________________ soil is optimal PH for plant nutrient

A

neutral or slightly basic

27
Q

a __________________ is considered essential if it is required by a plant in order to complete its life cycle

A

chemical element

28
Q

_________________ can be used to determine which elements are essential

A

hydrophobic culture

29
Q

________ elements are essential for plant nutrition

A

17

30
Q

_________ of these macronutrients required in high quantities

A

9

31
Q

_________ of these micronutrients required in small quantities

A

8

32
Q

symptoms of a nutrient deficiency depend on the ________

A

nutrient function

33
Q

magnesium is a component of __________________ a magnesium deficiency will result in _____________

A

chlorophyll

chlorosis

34
Q

deficiencies of __________________________________ are most common in pants

A

nitrogen, phosphorous, potassium

35
Q

plants form _____________ relations ships with bacteria and fungi 2 examples

A

mutualistic

  • root nodules
  • mycorrhizae
36
Q

_______________ is the most abundant gass in the atmosphere but cannot be incorporated directly into plant proteins or nucleic acids

A

nitrogen gas

37
Q

plants form _________________ relationships with other plants as well as with animals

A

nonmutualistic
parasitic plants
carnivorous plants

38
Q

___________________ is the conversion of N2 into ammonia and other usable forms

A

nitrogen fixation

39
Q

soil bacterium such as __________________ are nitrogen fixers in plant roots that extract fixed nitrogen from soil

A

nitrosomas

40
Q

certain plants _______________ are involved in mutualistic symbiotic relationship with nitrogen fixing bacteria such as __________________

A

legume

rhizobium

41
Q

root nodules do (3 things)

A
  • bacteria reside on nodules along plant roots
  • bacteria provide fixed nitrogen to the plants
  • plants in return provide photoshinthates and shelter to bacteria
42
Q

__________________ are mutualistic symbiotic relationships between plant roots ad fungi. Incredibly common in all plants

A

mycorrhizae

43
Q

fungi wraps around plant roots and spread into the soil

A

the plants provide photosynthates to the fungi

44
Q

________________ obtain organic and inorganic nutrients from a host plant harming the host in the process

A

parasitic plants

45
Q

some plants are ____________ they are capable of photosynthesis but also obtain much other water and nutrients from host plant. Mistletoes

A

hemiparasites

46
Q

other plants are classified as ____________ they cannot photosynthesize and there extract all of they nutrients from a host plant. Daughter

A

holoparasites

47
Q

carnivorous plants are photosynthetic but supplement their __________ supply by trapping and digesting insects and other animals

A

nitrogen

48
Q

carnivorous plants are generally found in bogs with _______________ soil

A

nitrogen-poor

49
Q

carnivorous plants trap and kill they prey using highly modified __________

A

leaves

50
Q

3 types of carnivorous plants

A
  • venus flytrap
  • sundew
  • pitcher plant

Biology 202- Organism Biology (30 decks)

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