Kapitel 89 Soft tissue of oral cavity

Question 1

Name the major muscles of mastication and their extension:

Answer 1

• M. masseter: zygomatic arch – lateral surfaces of the caudal body and ventral ramus
• M. temporalis: temporal region of the skull to coronoid process
• M. pterygoideus: pterygoid, palatine, and sphenoid bones to angular process of the ramus
• M. digastricus: occipital region of the skull to ventral border of the body of the mandible

Question 2

Name the bones of the muzzle of dogs and cats and what they contain

Answer 2

• maxilla: canine, premolar, molar teeth
• incisive bone or premaxilla: incisor teeth
• nasal bone

Question 3

Blood supply to the maxillary region is provided by how many major arteries?
Please name:

Answer 3

• major palatine artery and infraorbital artery

Question 4

Please name the most common oral tumors of dogs in descending order of frequency:

Answer 4

malignant melanoma
squamous cell carcinoma
fibrosarcoma
osteosarcoma
acanthomatous ameloblastom

Question 5

Name the numbers in the following picture:

Answer 5

1: maxillary artery
2: facial artery
3: thyrohoideus muscle
4: sternothyroideus muscle
5: right and left hyoid branch
6: caudal mental artery
7: rostral mental artery

Question 6

Acanthomatous ameloblastoma typically occur in:

Answer 6

the rostral portion of the mouth

Question 7

Fibrosarcomas are most commonly seen in what kind of dogs:

Answer 7

middle-aged and older large-breed dogs, particularly golden and Labrador retriever

Question 8

How is the gross appearance of a squamous cell carcinoma in the mouth of a dog?

Answer 8

flat, ulcerative appearance with minimal production of an external mass

Question 9

How many percent of tumors arising in or near the gingiva cause radiographically apparent bone lysis?

Answer 9

60-80%

Question 10

Which of the following is correct?

Answer 10

The canine oral cavity drains to the mandibular, parotid, and medial retropharyngeal lymph nodes.

Question 11

Where exactly do you choose your local block with bupivacaine before performing a rostral maxillectomy? Which nerve is important?

Answer 11

infraorbital nerve exits the infraorbital foramen dorsal to the rostral aspect of the fourth upper premolar tooth

Question 12

Which artery must be ligated if caudal mandibulectomy is performed?

Answer 12

mandibular alveolar artery

Question 13

During central maxillectomy it may be necessary to transect and ligate which structures?

Answer 13

• major palatine and infraorbital arteries
  
  • infraorbital nerve

Question 14

What can be used to close central or caudal maxillectomy that extends beyond the midline of the palate?

Answer 14

• labial mucosal flap
  
  • superficial cervical axial pattern skin flap
  • angularis oris axial pattern buccal flap

Question 15

List the post operative care after mandibulectomy or maxillectomy:

Answer 15

• remove gauze sponge from the pharynx
• thoroughly aspirate to remove blood and saline from the pharyngeal region
• +/- Elizabethan collar
• opioid analgesia for first 48 hrs, continue if necessary
• water and soft food the day after surgery
• intravenous fluids until patient is eating and drinking adequately to maintain hydration
• esophagostomy or gastrotomy tube if patient is not willing to eat
• soft food for 1-2 wks after surgery

Question 16

Which of the listed complications after mandibulectomy or maxillectomy need surgical intervention?

Answer 16

dehiscence overlying transected bone ends after rostral mandibulectomy

Question 17

Name the flap which is used to close large or recurrent oronasal fistulas.

Answer 17

angularis oris axial pattern flap

Question 18

What is most commonly seen after hemimandibulectomy in dogs?

Answer 18

subtle drift of the mandible toward the mandibulectomy side

Question 19

What does L-MTP-E mean and for what is it used?

Answer 19

Liposome-muramyl tripeptide-phosphatidylethanolamine
Immunotherapy for malignant melanoma

Question 20

Name the most common oral tumor of cats and where does it may arise?

Answer 20

Squamous cell carcinoma
Sublingual or gingival mucosa

Question 21

List the significant risk factors for the cause of squamous cell carcinoma in cats:

Answer 21

canned food (especially tuna)
flea collar