Kapitel 38- tissues of the musculoskeletal system

Question 1

Describe the general compsion of cortical bone

Answer 1

Longitudinal oriented Haversian units (Osteons) made up by
- Central Haversian Canal (vertical)
- Surrounded by contrentrically arranged bone
lammelae
- Connecting Volkmanns canals (Vertical)

Blod vessels within Haversian and Volksmanns canals

Osteocytes in lacunae

Question 2

What are the two major families of proteoglycand?

Answer 2

The large aggregating proteoglycans
The small leucine-rich proteoglycan.

Question 3

What are the major basic cell types in bones (Termed “The basic multicellular unit”)?

Answer 3

Osteoblasts, octeocytes and osteoclasts.

Question 4

What is the most common collagen in bone?

Answer 4

Type 1

Question 5

What is Sclerostin?

Answer 5

A paracrine regulator of osteogenesis that is expressed exclusively in osteocytes in response to mechanical strain.

Question 6

What are the different zones in articulate cartilage?

Answer 6

Zone 1-3 which is not mineralized
Zone one: superficial or tangential zone)
Zone two: transitional zone
Zone three: radiate zone
Zone 4 which forms the calcified cartilage

Question 7

What is the most common collagen fiber in articular cartilage?

Answer 7

Type 2

Question 8

That is the definition of a tendon?

Answer 8

Dense bands of collagen-rich fibers that connect muscle to bone or that form connections between muscles

Question 9

What is the function of a tendon?

Answer 9

Primarily to transferer the force of muscular contraction to the bone.

Question 10

What are Entheses?

Answer 10

Specialized regions of a tendon or ligament at sites of insertion or attachment to bone

Question 11

What is the difference between a healthy enthesis and an enthesis formed after surgical reattachment of a tendon to a bone?

Answer 11

Surgical reattachment of tendons or ligaments to bone after avulsion or laceration usually results in the formation of a uniformly fibrous enthesis, which may not adequately resist higher levels of complex loading

Question 12

What is a ligament and what is the basic function?

Answer 12

Connective tissue bands that attach to bones. Ligaments typically span a joint, where they contribute to joint stability and constrain joint motion

Question 13

What are the two basic muscle fibers?

Answer 13

Type 1 (slow twisting)
Ty0e 2 (fast twisting)