Kapitel 64 - Tarsus and metatarsus Flashcards
Name the 6 articulations of the tarsal joint
- Tarsocrural (between tibia and talus)
- Talocalcaneal
- Talocalcaneocentral
- Calcaneoquartal
- Centrodistal
- Tarsometatarsal
Which joints are referred to as the proximal intertarsal joint and the distal intertarsal joint?
Proximal: Talocalcaneocentral and calcaneoquartal
Distal: Centrodistal
What structures are located within the tarsal canal?
- The tendon sheet of the flexor hallucis longus
- Branches of the saphenous artery and vein
- Medial and lateral plantar nerves.
Name the structures
Which part of the medial collateral ligament is taut in flexion and which is taut in extension?
Long part of the ligament: taut in extension, loose in flexion. This is the most superficial band.
The short part:
o Divided into two bands
- Tibiocentral band: taut in extension, loose in flexion
- Tibiotalar band: tight in flexion and loose in extension
What is the difference in the collateral ligaments in cats and dogs?
Cats only have the short collateral ligaments.
What nerves innervate the tarsus?
The tibial nerve and the common peroneal nerve (two branches of the sciatic nerve)
The saphenous nerve (a branch of the femoral nerve) provides cutaneous innervation to the dorsomedial part of the tarsus and metatarsus.
What is the normal standing angle of the tarsus in dogs and cats?
Dogs: 135-145 degrees
Cats: 115-125 degrees
What is the normal ROM of the tarsocrural joint in dogs and cats?
Dogs: 39 in flexion, 164 in extension
Cats: 22 in flexion, 167 in extension
Name the 4 fractur patterns of the calcaneus?
- Midbody fractures
- Slab fractures
- Avulsion fractures involving the plantar ligaments from the base of the bone
- Salter-harris type 1 associated with avulsion of the proximal epiphysis.
What fractures occurs almost exclusively in racing Greyhounds?
- Fracture of the central tarsal bone, usually on the right side.
- The 4th tarsal bone and calcaneus are often also affected.
What are the classifications of fractures of the central tarsal bone?
- Type I: Nondisplaced dorsal slab fracture
- Type II: Displaced dorsal slab fracture
- Type III: Large displaced medial fragment
- Type IV: Medial slab fracture with a dorsal slab fracture
- Type V: Comminuted fracture
(type V is the most common)
What type of surgical procedure is shown?
a. Give other examples how the procedure and be achieved
b. Give an example of when this surgery could be indicated and in what breed do we typically see this?
- Arthrodesis of the calcaneoquartal bone using a single compression screw.
- Can also be accomplished with the use of transfixations pins and tensionband or a laterally placed plate.
- Indicated for eg. Luxation or subluxation of the proximal intertarsal joint due to plantar instability. Commonly seen in middle aged overweight Shetland Sheep dogs (can affect other collie breeds as well)
What tendons comprises the common calcanean tendon?
- Paired tendon of the gastrocnemius
- Combined tendon of gracilis, semitendinosus and biceps femoris
- Tendon of the superficial digital flexor tendon
What is the most common direction of luxation of the superficial digital flexor tendon?
Laterally due to disruption of the medial retaining structures.
