Kapitel 51

Question 1

Name the structure in the figure below?

Answer 1

Supracondylar foramen

Question 2

Which two structures pass through the supracondylar foramen?

Answer 2

• Median nerve
• A branch of the brachial artery

Question 3

A dog was hit by a. The dog was lame at the right thoracic limb, had a Horner syndrome and had loss of panniculus reflex together with neurologic deficits in the
thoracic limb. What is your diagnose, based on this information?

A. Median nerve injury
B. Ulnar nerve injury
C. Radial nerve injury
D. Brachial plexus injury

Answer 3

D. Brachial plexus injury

Question 4

4. Which of the following statements is/are true?
5. In a dog, the whole proximal epiphysis fuses with the metaphysis between 7,5
   and 12 months of age.
6. For the medial approach to the humerus; the proximal origin pectoral muscle
   needs to be cut, the biceps brachii muscle can be reflect cranially or caudally and
   the triceps brachii muscle caudally.

A. 1 is true
B. 2 is true
C. Both are true
D. None of them are true

Answer 4

A. 1 is true

Question 5

Name 4 different stabilization options for servere comminution-irreducible fractures
located in the proximal third diaphyseal humeral fractures according to table 51.2 of
Tobias? Be specific.

Answer 5

• Bridging plate-cranial or lateral
• Bridging plate-cranial or lateral and IM pin
• ESF and IM pin
• ESF alone with double bar
• Biplanar ESF and IM pin

Question 6

At which age is the ossification of the humeral condyles normally complete in dogs?
And at which age fuses the condyle with the metaphysis?

Answer 6

Fuse of the condyle: 8-12 weeks of age
Fuse of condyle to the metaphysis: 5,5-6 months of age

Question 7

Which dog breed appears to be the most predisposed for developing incomplete
ossification of the humeral condyle (IOHC)? And name 3 other common breeds.

Answer 7

Most is: Spaniel
Other common breeds: Labrador, English pointer, German shepherd, Rottweiler,
Yorkshire terrier, German Wachtel and Tibetan mastiff.

Question 8

What is your diagnose of the figure below? Be specific.

Name 3 different techniques for stabilization of the fracture

Answer 8

Physeal fracture of the proximal humerus with the greater tubercle and humeral head
remaining together.

• Repair with 2 Kirscher wires and a tension band wire (B)
• Repair with 2 Kirscher wires (C)
• Repair with a screw in lag fashion (D)

Question 9

What is your diagnose? Be specific.

According to chapter 51 of Tobias. How would you stabilize the fracture

Answer 9

Physeal fracture of the greater tubercle and humeral head with separation of the greater
tubercle and humeral head segments

Repair of the greater tubercle with 2 Kirscher wires and a tension band fixation.
Repair of the humeral head with a screw in lag fashion and a Kirscher wire.

Question 10

12. Which of the following statements is/are true?
13. In case of IOHC in a English Springer Spaniel. A good way to stabilize this is a 4.5
    mm transcondylar screw according to Chapter 51 of Tobias.
14. The optimal IM pin diameter for repairing humeral fractures should be
    approximately 40% of the craniocaudal medullary canal diameter observed from
    de lateral X-ray (at the distal 80 precent of the humeral length).

A. 1 is true
B. 2 is true
C. Both are true
D. None of them are true

Answer 10

C. Both are true