Chapter 45: Delayed unions, nonunions and malunions

Question 1

1. Which of the following statements is/are true?

a. Fracture gaps approaching the diameter of the bone should be avoided.
b. In case of distraction osteosynthesis; stem cells undergo tensile strain and results in cartilage
formation.

A. A is true
B. B is true
C. A and B are true
D. A and B are false

Answer 1

A. A is true

Question 2

For (1) gaps, (2) interfragmentary movements result in larger periosteal areas of callus.
A. 1. Small 2. Small
B. 1. Small 2. Large
C. 1. Large 2. Small
D. 1. Large 2. Large

Answer 2

B. 1. Small 2. Large

Question 3

Case: A 6 year old Pomeranian dog was hit by a car. The dog was stabilized. On the X-rays, a closed
transverse diaphyseal fracture of the radius and ulna was seen. The owner did not have a lot of
money and the dog was treated with splinting and casting for 12 weeks and the X-rays were
repeated.

4. What is your diagnose?
5. ## This is a commonly seen problem in small-breed dogs. Name 3 reasons for this.-
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6. A better choice would have been osteosynthesis for this dog. For example, with the use of a
   locking plate. Name 4 additional techniques that can be used to stimulate the osteogenesis.
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Answer 3

No Answers

Question 3

3. Which of the following statements is/are true?

a. The amount of strain can be calculated as the decrease in the width of the gap divided by
the total width.
b. Larger strain seems to encourage stronger healing in larger gaps.

A. A is true
B. B is true
C. A and B are true
D. A and B are false

Answer 3

A. A is true