Kapitel 54 - Radius och ulna Flashcards
Which physis is responsible for 100% of the longitudinal growth of the ulna distal to the elbow joint?
The Distal physis
(The proximal physis is responsible for the growth for elongation of olecranon)
How can radial lengthening be completed? Which method is preferred in young animals?
a. Acute
b. Gradually
i. Controlled or
ii. Semi-controlled
c. Gradually elongation is preferred in young.
What is the Stader apparatus?
A type of external skeletal fixation that allows controlled distraction at the level of the osteotomized radius. Used as treatment of radial shortening.
What type of technique is shown? How is the screws positioned?
a. Sagittal sliding osteotomy
b. In lag-fashion
What changes in radius can be seen in case of ulnar shortening?
a. Shortening
b. Procurvatum
c. Distal valgus and
d. Rotation
What are some techniques to try to prevent the osteotomy site from healing too quickly in young animals?
a. Creating a gap larger than 1,5 times the diameter of the bone
b. Removal of all periosteum at the edges of the osteotomy
c. Insertion of a fat graft
Explain partially compensated and noncompensated biapical deformities
a. partially compensated are those in which the planes of the proximal and distal CORA occur in opposite directions
b. noncompensated are those in which the planes of the proximal and distal CORA occur in the same directions. This magnifies the overall deviation in one direction.
Name significant prognostic factors when it comes to antebrachial angular limb deformities?
a. Severity of pre-existing OA
b. More severe functional impairments pre-surgery.
How are salter harris fractures treated in juvenile animals? When should the implant be removed?
a. Cross pins.
b. 4-6 weeks
What are the indications of external coaptation of radius-ulna fractures?
a. Isolated fractures of the radius or ulna and
b. Stabile fractures involving both radius and ulna
c. External copulation is best used in young, medium-large sized dogs NOT toy and small breed dogs.
How is avulsion fracturs of the olecranon repaired?
Kirshner wire and tension band
How is articular fractures occurring below the midpoint of the trochlear notch repaired?
Bone plate and screws.
Define Monteggia fractures and list and define the different types
a. Fractures of the proximal part of the ulna that are accompanied by subluxation or luxation of the radial head.
b. Type I fractures - the type most frequently encountered, involve cranial luxation of the radial head with cranioproximal angulation of the ulnar fracture.
c. Type II fractures result from caudal luxations of the radius and caudal angulation of the ulnar fracture.
d. Type III variety involves lateral luxation of the radius,
e. Type IV conditions denote fracture of the proximal part of the radius and the ulnar diaphysis with cranial luxation of the radial head.
What is the most common complications with surgical repair of monteggia fractures?
a. Reduced ROM in the elbow (screw spanning the radius and ulna will eliminate the ability to pronate and supinate normally)
b. OA
c. Recurrence of radial head luxation.
Why is there a higher complications rate of fixation failure, delayed and nonunion of distal radius/ulna fractures?
There is a decreased intraosseous blood supply to this region of the bone as well as limited overlying soft tissue available to provided extraosseous circulation. Additionally, there is minimal bone surface contact resulting from the small bone size and the short oblique or transverse orientation of many radius and ulna fractures.
