Kapitel 88 – Salivary glands Flashcards
Which are the major salivary glands in cats and dogs?
a. Parotid
b. Mandibular
c. Sublingual
d. Zygomatic
What surrounding structures makes dissection of the parotid gland challenging?
a. The facial nerve
b. Maxillary and temporal arteries
c. Internal maxillary vein
d. and regions surrounding the external acoustic meatus and the stylomastoid foramen
where does the parotid gland open?
It opens into the oral cavity through a small papilla at the level of the upper fourth premolar.
What is the main blood supply to the parotid gland?
parotid artery, a branch of the external carotid artery
Where does the major zygomatic duct drain?
It opens into the oral cavity at the caudolateral aspect of the last upper molar. Typically the zygomatic papilla is approximately 1 cm caudal to the parotid salivary papilla.
Zygomatic salivary gland:
A) Which artery supply,
B) which vein drain
C) where does its lymphatics drain?
a. Infraorbital artery
b. Deep facial vein
c. Medial retropharyngeal lnn
Where does the lymphatics of the mandibular salivary gland drain?
Medial retropharyngeal lnn
What are the two phases of salivary production?
Phase 1: production of saliva by the acinar cells. They absorb Na creating a sodium rich saliva
Phase 2: begins when salive have arrived in the collecting ducts with active reabsorption of Na+ and secretion of HCO3− and K+ –> The resultant saliva excreted into the oral cavity is rich in HCO3− and K+
How does the parasympathetic nervous system increase production of saliva?
a. Vasodilatation of the blood supply
b. Stimulation of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), which directly upregulates the activity of the acinar cell.
What are examples of nonsurgical salivary disease?
a. Sialadenosis (noninflammatory, nonneoplastic, bilateral swelling of the salivary glands, most commonly affecting the mandibular salivary glands)
b. Noninfectious Sialadenitis and Necrotizing Sialometaplasia
What is the treatment for sialadenosis?
a. Phenobarbital
(Clinical signs are not alleviated by glucocorticoids, antibiotics, or surgical removal of the affected gland(s). A response to phenobarbital and detection of abnormalities on electroencephalography may support a diagnosis of limbic epilepsy. Recurrence of clinical signs after cessation of medical management is possible; therefore lifelong phenobarbital therapy may be required)
What additional clinical signs can be seen in sialadenitis/necrotizing sialometaplasia compared to sialodenosis?
a. Exophthalmos (zygomatic sialocele
b. labored breathing (pharyngeal sialocele)
c. dysphagia (sublingual sialocele or ranula)
d. Intermandibular or cranioventral cervical swelling (cervical sialocele, most common)
Which salivary duct is most commonly accossiated with sialoliths?
Parotid duct
What are the most common primary salivary gland tumours?
Adenocarcinoma and acinar cell carcinoma
What additional clinical signs can be seen in sialadenitis/necrotizing sialometaplasia compared to sialodenosis?
Pain upon palpation and vomiting
