Kapitel 56 - Pelvic fractures Flashcards
Fracture of the pelvis is commonly seen in traffic accidents. These are also often associated with injuries of other body system. List the three most common associated injuries in dogs starting with the most common one.
a. Pulmonary trauma
b. Hemoabdomen
c. Soft tissue injury.
(in cats: pulmonary trauma, abdominal injury and spinal trauma)
How common are injuries to the urinary system when only considering pelvic fractures?
a. 39%
Which nerves are most commonly affected during pelvic trauma?
Lumbosacral trunc
i. The lumbosacral trunk consists of the entire anterior segment of the fourth and fifth lumbar nerves and gives rise to
How many % of dogs with peripheral nerve injury have good neurological recovery?
81%
Within what timespan should a pelvic fracture preferably be surgically treated (if surgery is indicated)?
a. Within 7-10 days post-trauma.
b. Longer than that it becomes more difficult and surgery might no longer be indicated.
What muscles attaches to tuber ischium and can lead to avulsion fractures?
Semitendinosus, semimembranosus and adductor muscle.
What is the most common complication in iliac body fractures?
Screw loosening
Which nerve is particularly at risk or iatrogenic damage during acetabular surgery?
Sciatic nerve
What is an alternative method for repair of acetabular fractures instead of plate and screw reduction? What are the main advantages of this method?
a. Custom composite fixation using a combination of Kirshner wire, screws, washer and orthopedic wire with polymethylmetacrylate.
b. It does not require perfect anatomic contouring of a bone plate.
How is the fracture compressed using this method?
The different screws are connected together by the orthopedic wire applied in a figure of 8 pattern and tightened to achieve compression.
How many % of dogs with sacroiliac luxation have unilateral luxation?
77%
Screw fixation in lag fashion is the preferred method of fixation in sacroiliac-luxation. List alternative methods.
a. Trans-iliosacral rod or screw
b. Transiliac pinning
c. Pin and tension band wire
d. Ventral screw placement.
Describe the position of the drillhole in the sacral wing during sacroiliac-luxation fixation with lagscrew in dogs and in cats.
DOG: The position of the drill hole is located mid-distance between the sacral notch and the articular cartilage at a point 60& of the distance ventrally along a line from the craniodorsal and ventral aspect of the sacral wing. The drill hole is made exactly perpendicular to the table if the dog is properly in positioned in lateral recumbency.
b. CAT: The position of the drill hole is located 51% of the sacral wing length from the cranial aspect of the sacral wing and 47% ventral to the dorsal aspect in the wing. Cats don’t usually have a sacral wing notch.
What is the optimum angle for screw insertion relative to the sacral wing in the transverse plane in dog? What is the maximum and minimum angle?
a. 100 +/- 4,7 degrees
b. Max: 111 +/- 5,17
c. Min: 89 +/- 5,17
What is the optimum angle for screw insertion relative to the sacral wing in the transverse plane in ? What is the maximum and minimum angle?
a. 97 +/- 6,9 degrees
b. Max: 107 +/- 6,8
c. Min: 87 +/- 7,2
Describe the position of the drillhole in the ilium wing during sacroiliac luxation fixation with lagscrew in dogs and in cats.
a. Dog: 75% of the length tuber sacrale and 33% in dorsoventral direction
b. Cat: 69% of the length of tuber sacrale and 52% of the iliac height.
c. The hole is dilled perpendicular to the iliac surface but can me slightly angle in a caudal direction.
