Infectious Diseases Flashcards
What virus causes slapped cheek?
Parvovirus B19
What are the features of parvovirus infection?
Fever, coryza, diarrhoea
Lace like rash and bright red cheeks
What condition can parvovirus infection during pregnancy cause?
Hydrops fetalis
What is the presentation of whooping cough?
Fever and coryzal symptoms
Coughing that starts around a week later
Spasmodic coughing followed by gasps for air
Rhinorrhoea
Vomiting post cough
What organism causes whooping cough?
Bordatella pertussis
What is the first line management of whooping cough?
Macrolides
When is a macrolide considered for whooping cough?
If presenting within 21 days of the onset of symptoms
How long should children with whooping cough be excluded from school?
48 hours after commencing antibiotics
21 days from onset of symptoms if no antibiotics
What organism causes hand, foot and mouth?
Coxsackie A virus
What is the presentation of a child with measles?
Fever over 40
Coryzal symptoms
Preceeding conjunctivitis
Grey spots inside the mouth
Unvaccinated
What are the complications of measles infection?
Acute otitis media
Encephalitis
Bronchopneumonia
What are the symptoms of scarlet fever?
Headache
Fever
Sore throat
Rash with sandpaper texture
Strawberry tongue
What kind of organism is scarlet fever caused by?
Group A streptococcus
What is the treatment of scarlet fever?
Antibiotics - 10 days phenoxymethylpencillin
What bacteria commonly cause gastroenteritis?
Salmonella
Shigella
E. coli
Staphylococcus aureus
Bacillus cereus
Campylobacter
What viruses commonly cause gastroenteritis?
Norovirus
Rotavirus
Adenovirus
What parasites can cause gastroenteritis?
Schistosoma
Giardia intestinalis
Cryptosporidium
What is the main investigation to diagnose gastroenteritis?
Stool sample culture and microscopy
What is the mainstay of treatment in gastroeneteritis?
Rehydration
- Oral rehydration if tolerated
- IV fluids if oral not tolerated
What antibiotic are salmonella and shigella treated with?
Ciprofloxacin
What antibiotic is campylobacter treated with?
A macrolide such as erythromycin
How long is measles infectious for?
4-5 days after the rash appears
What is the most common complication of measles?
Otitis media
What organism causes roseola infantum?
Human herpes virus 6
What is the presentation of roseola infantum?
High fever
Mild erythematous macular rash across the body (develops as the fever subsides)
What is the treatment of roseola infantum?
Supportive treatment
What is the first line investigation of measles?
Measles specific IgG and IgM serology
What is the diagnostic investigation of measles?
PCR for measles mRNA
What type of bacteria is bordatella pertusiss?
Gram negative
What investigation will confirm the diagnosis of whooping cough?
Nasal or nasopharyngeal swab with bacterial culture
What can be tested for when a child has had symptoms of whooping cough for more than 2 weeks?
Anti-pertussis toxin immunoglobulin G
What is the most important complication of whooping cough?
Bronchiectasis
What organism is rubella caused by?
Rubella togavirus
How is rubella transmitted?
Via aerosol
What are the symptoms of rubella infection?
Fever
Coryza
Arthralgia
Rash - starts on face and moves down trunk (spares arms and legs)
What are the risks of contracting rubella during pregnancy if unvaccinated?
Fetal:
- Cataracts
- Deafness
- Patent ductus arteriosus
- Brain damage
What is glandular fever (infectious mononucleosis) caused by?
EBV - epstein barr virus
How is glandular fever spread?
Through the saliva of infected individuals
What are the features of glandular fever?
Fever
Sore throat
Fatigue
Lymphadenopathy
Tonsillar enlargement
Splenomegaly
What antibody tests can be used to confirm glandular fever?
Heterophile antibodies:
- Monospot test
- Paul-Bunnell test
What is the management and prognosis of glandular fever?
Disease is self limiting and symptoms typically improve in 2-3 weeks
Supportive management
What condition is EBV infection associated with?
Burkitt’s lymphoma
What advice is given to people after EBV infection?
Avoid heavy lifting for one month due to the risk of splenic rupture
What kind of rash is seen in parvovirus B19 infection?
Bright red cheeks after 2-5 days of illness
Reticular mildly erythematous rash appears on trunk and limbs a few days later
What is the treatment of whooping cough?
Oral macrolide - clarithromycin, azithromycin
What is a common reaction to patients with glandular fever taking amoxicillin?
Widespread maculopapular rash
When are children given the MMR vaccine?
1 year
3 years and 4 months
When are children given the 6 in 1 vaccine?
8 weeks
12 weeks
16 weeks
What diseases does the 6 in 1 vaccine protect against?
Diphtheria
Hepatitis B
Polio
Tetanus
Whooping cough
HiB
When are children given the rotavirus vaccine?
8 weeks and 12 weeks
When are children given the MenB vaccine?
8 weeks
16 weeks
1 year
When are children given the pneumococcal vaccine?
12 weeks
1 year
What diseases does the 4 in 1 pre-school booster vaccine protect against?
Diphtheria
Tetanus
Whooping cough
Polio
What diseases does the 3 in 1 teenage booster vaccine protect against?
Diphtheria
Tetanus
Polio
When can children with EBV go back to school?
As soon as they feel well enough to
What are the complications of scarlet fever?
Otitis media
Rheumatic fever
Acute glomerulonephritis
Invasive complications - bacteraemia, meningitis
