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Infectious Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

What virus causes slapped cheek?

A

Parvovirus B19

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2
Q

What are the features of parvovirus infection?

A

Fever, coryza, diarrhoea
Lace like rash and bright red cheeks

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3
Q

What condition can parvovirus infection during pregnancy cause?

A

Hydrops fetalis

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4
Q

What is the presentation of whooping cough?

A

Fever and coryzal symptoms
Coughing that starts around a week later
Spasmodic coughing followed by gasps for air
Rhinorrhoea
Vomiting post cough

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5
Q

What organism causes whooping cough?

A

Bordatella pertussis

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6
Q

What is the first line management of whooping cough?

A

Macrolides

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7
Q

When is a macrolide considered for whooping cough?

A

If presenting within 21 days of the onset of symptoms

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8
Q

How long should children with whooping cough be excluded from school?

A

48 hours after commencing antibiotics
21 days from onset of symptoms if no antibiotics

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9
Q

What organism causes hand, foot and mouth?

A

Coxsackie A virus

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10
Q

What is the presentation of a child with measles?

A

Fever over 40
Coryzal symptoms
Preceeding conjunctivitis
Grey spots inside the mouth
Unvaccinated

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11
Q

What are the complications of measles infection?

A

Acute otitis media
Encephalitis
Bronchopneumonia

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12
Q

What are the symptoms of scarlet fever?

A

Headache
Fever
Sore throat
Rash with sandpaper texture
Strawberry tongue

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13
Q

What kind of organism is scarlet fever caused by?

A

Group A streptococcus

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14
Q

What is the treatment of scarlet fever?

A

Antibiotics - 10 days phenoxymethylpencillin

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15
Q

What bacteria commonly cause gastroenteritis?

A

Salmonella
Shigella
E. coli
Staphylococcus aureus
Bacillus cereus
Campylobacter

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16
Q

What viruses commonly cause gastroenteritis?

A

Norovirus
Rotavirus
Adenovirus

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17
Q

What parasites can cause gastroenteritis?

A

Schistosoma
Giardia intestinalis
Cryptosporidium

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18
Q

What is the main investigation to diagnose gastroenteritis?

A

Stool sample culture and microscopy

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19
Q

What is the mainstay of treatment in gastroeneteritis?

A

Rehydration
- Oral rehydration if tolerated
- IV fluids if oral not tolerated

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20
Q

What antibiotic are salmonella and shigella treated with?

A

Ciprofloxacin

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21
Q

What antibiotic is campylobacter treated with?

A

A macrolide such as erythromycin

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22
Q

How long is measles infectious for?

A

4-5 days after the rash appears

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23
Q

What is the most common complication of measles?

A

Otitis media

24
Q

What organism causes roseola infantum?

A

Human herpes virus 6

25
What is the presentation of roseola infantum?
High fever Mild erythematous macular rash across the body (develops as the fever subsides)
26
What is the treatment of roseola infantum?
Supportive treatment
27
What is the first line investigation of measles?
Measles specific IgG and IgM serology
28
What is the diagnostic investigation of measles?
PCR for measles mRNA
29
What type of bacteria is bordatella pertusiss?
Gram negative
30
What investigation will confirm the diagnosis of whooping cough?
Nasal or nasopharyngeal swab with bacterial culture
31
What can be tested for when a child has had symptoms of whooping cough for more than 2 weeks?
Anti-pertussis toxin immunoglobulin G
32
What is the most important complication of whooping cough?
Bronchiectasis
33
What organism is rubella caused by?
Rubella togavirus
34
How is rubella transmitted?
Via aerosol
35
What are the symptoms of rubella infection?
Fever Coryza Arthralgia Rash - starts on face and moves down trunk (spares arms and legs)
36
What are the risks of contracting rubella during pregnancy if unvaccinated?
Fetal: - Cataracts - Deafness - Patent ductus arteriosus - Brain damage
37
What is glandular fever (infectious mononucleosis) caused by?
EBV - epstein barr virus
38
How is glandular fever spread?
Through the saliva of infected individuals
39
What are the features of glandular fever?
Fever Sore throat Fatigue Lymphadenopathy Tonsillar enlargement Splenomegaly
40
What antibody tests can be used to confirm glandular fever?
Heterophile antibodies: - Monospot test - Paul-Bunnell test
41
What is the management and prognosis of glandular fever?
Disease is self limiting and symptoms typically improve in 2-3 weeks Supportive management
42
What condition is EBV infection associated with?
Burkitt's lymphoma
43
What advice is given to people after EBV infection?
Avoid heavy lifting for one month due to the risk of splenic rupture
44
What kind of rash is seen in parvovirus B19 infection?
Bright red cheeks after 2-5 days of illness Reticular mildly erythematous rash appears on trunk and limbs a few days later
45
What is the treatment of whooping cough?
Oral macrolide - clarithromycin, azithromycin
46
What is a common reaction to patients with glandular fever taking amoxicillin?
Widespread maculopapular rash
47
When are children given the MMR vaccine?
1 year 3 years and 4 months
48
When are children given the 6 in 1 vaccine?
8 weeks 12 weeks 16 weeks
49
What diseases does the 6 in 1 vaccine protect against?
Diphtheria Hepatitis B Polio Tetanus Whooping cough HiB
50
When are children given the rotavirus vaccine?
8 weeks and 12 weeks
51
When are children given the MenB vaccine?
8 weeks 16 weeks 1 year
52
When are children given the pneumococcal vaccine?
12 weeks 1 year
53
What diseases does the 4 in 1 pre-school booster vaccine protect against?
Diphtheria Tetanus Whooping cough Polio
54
What diseases does the 3 in 1 teenage booster vaccine protect against?
Diphtheria Tetanus Polio
55
When can children with EBV go back to school?
As soon as they feel well enough to
56
What are the complications of scarlet fever?
Otitis media Rheumatic fever Acute glomerulonephritis Invasive complications - bacteraemia, meningitis

Child Health (84 decks)

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