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Child Health > Infectious Diseases > Flashcards

Infectious Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

What virus causes slapped cheek?

A

Parvovirus B19

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2
Q

What are the features of parvovirus infection?

A

Fever, coryza, diarrhoea
Lace like rash and bright red cheeks

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3
Q

What condition can parvovirus infection during pregnancy cause?

A

Hydrops fetalis

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4
Q

What is the presentation of whooping cough?

A

Fever and coryzal symptoms
Coughing that starts around a week later
Spasmodic coughing followed by gasps for air
Rhinorrhoea
Vomiting post cough

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5
Q

What organism causes whooping cough?

A

Bordatella pertussis

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6
Q

What is the first line management of whooping cough?

A

Macrolides

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7
Q

What organism causes hand, foot and mouth?

A

Coxsackie A virus

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8
Q

What is the presentation of a child with measles?

A

Fever over 40
Coryzal symptoms
Preceeding conjunctivitis
Grey spots inside the mouth
Unvaccinated

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9
Q

What are the complications of measles infection?

A

Acute otitis media
Encephalitis
Bronchopneumonia

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10
Q

What are the symptoms of scarlet fever?

A

Headache
Fever
Sore throat
Rash with sandpaper texture
Strawberry tongue

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11
Q

What kind of organism is scarlet fever caused by?

A

Group A streptococcus

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12
Q

What is the treatment of scarlet fever?

A

Antibiotics - 10 days phenoxymethylpencillin

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13
Q

What bacteria commonly cause gastroenteritis?

A

Salmonella
Shigella
E. coli
Staphylococcus aureus
Bacillus cereus
Campylobacter

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14
Q

What viruses commonly cause gastroenteritis?

A

Norovirus
Rotavirus
Adenovirus

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15
Q

What parasites can cause gastroenteritis?

A

Schistosoma
Giardia intestinalis
Cryptosporidium

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16
Q

What is the main investigation to diagnose gastroenteritis?

A

Stool sample culture and microscopy

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17
Q

What is the mainstay of treatment in gastroeneteritis?

A

Rehydration
- Oral rehydration if tolerated
- IV fluids if oral not tolerated

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18
Q

What antibiotic are salmonella and shigella treated with?

A

Ciprofloxacin

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19
Q

What antibiotic is campylobacter treated with?

A

A macrolide such as erythromycin

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20
Q

How long is measles infectious for?

A

4-5 days after the rash appears

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21
Q

What is the most common complication of measles?

A

Otitis media

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22
Q

What organism causes roseola infantum?

A

Human herpes virus 6

23
Q

What is the presentation of roseola infantum?

A

High fever
Mild erythematous macular rash across the body (develops as the fever subsides)

24
Q

What is the treatment of roseola infantum?

A

Supportive treatment

25
Q

What is the first line investigation of measles?

A

Measles specific IgG and IgM serology

26
Q

What is the diagnostic investigation of measles?

A

PCR for measles mRNA

27
Q

What type of bacteria is bordatella pertusiss?

A

Gram negative

28
Q

What investigation will confirm the diagnosis of whooping cough?

A

Nasal or nasopharyngeal swab with bacterial culture

29
Q

What can be tested for when a child has had symptoms of whooping cough for more than 2 weeks?

A

Anti-pertussis toxin immunoglobulin G

30
Q

What is the most important complication of whooping cough?

A

Bronchiectasis

31
Q

What organism is rubella caused by?

A

Rubella togavirus

32
Q

How is rubella transmitted?

A

Via aerosol

33
Q

What are the symptoms of rubella infection?

A

Fever
Coryza
Arthralgia
Rash - starts on face and moves down trunk (spares arms and legs)

34
Q

What are the risks of contracting rubella during pregnancy if unvaccinated?

A

Fetal:
- Cataracts
- Deafness
- Patent ductus arteriosus
- Brain damage

35
Q

What is glandular fever (infectious mononucleosis) caused by?

A

EBV - epstein barr virus

36
Q

How is glandular fever spread?

A

Through the saliva of infected individuals

37
Q

What are the features of glandular fever?

A

Fever
Sore throat
Fatigue
Lymphadenopathy
Tonsillar enlargement
Splenomegaly

38
Q

What antibody tests can be used to confirm glandular fever?

A

Heterophile antibodies:
- Monospot test
- Paul-Bunnell test

39
Q

What is the management and prognosis of glandular fever?

A

Disease is self limiting and symptoms typically improve in 2-3 weeks

Supportive management

40
Q

What condition is EBV infection associated with?

A

Burkitt’s lymphoma

41
Q

What advice is given to people after EBV infection?

A

Avoid heavy lifting for one month due to the risk of splenic rupture

42
Q

What kind of rash is seen in parvovirus B19 infection?

A

Bright red cheeks after 2-5 days of illness
Reticular mildly erythematous rash appears on trunk and limbs a few days later

43
Q

What is the treatment of whooping cough?

A

Oral macrolide - clarithromycin, azithromycin

44
Q

What is a common reaction to patients with glandular fever taking amoxicillin?

A

Widespread maculopapular rash

45
Q

When are children given the MMR vaccine?

A

1 year
3 years and 4 months

46
Q

When are children given the 6 in 1 vaccine?

A

8 weeks
12 weeks
16 weeks

47
Q

What diseases does the 6 in 1 vaccine protect against?

A

Diphtheria
Hepatitis B
Polio
Tetanus
Whooping cough
HiB

48
Q

When are children given the rotavirus vaccine?

A

8 weeks and 12 weeks

49
Q

When are children given the MenB vaccine?

A

8 weeks
16 weeks
1 year

50
Q

When are children given the pneumococcal vaccine?

A

12 weeks
1 year

51
Q

What diseases does the 4 in 1 pre-school booster vaccine protect against?

A

Diphtheria
Tetanus
Whooping cough
Polio

52
Q

What diseases does the 3 in 1 teenage booster vaccine protect against?

A

Diphtheria
Tetanus
Polio

53
Q

When can children with EBV go back to school?

A

As soon as they feel well enough to

54
Q

What are the complications of scarlet fever?

A

Otitis media
Rheumatic fever
Acute glomerulonephritis
Invasive complications - bacteraemia, meningitis

Child Health (82 decks)

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