ALL

Question 1

What age range in children does ALL typically occur in?

Answer 1

Under 6

Question 2

What are the symptoms of ALL in children?

Answer 2

Unexplained bruising
Lymphadenopathy
Tiredness and lethargy
Weight loss
Fever
Failure to thrive
Hepatosplenomegaly

Question 3

What is the initial investigation for ALL?

Answer 3

Full blood count

Question 4

What other investigations are useful in diagnosing ALL?

Answer 4

Blood film
Bone marrow biopsy
Lymph node biopsy
CT, MRI scans

Question 5

What is the definitive investigation for ALL?

Answer 5

Bone marrow biopsy

Question 6

What are sanctuary sites?

Answer 6

Sites in the body that chemotherapy cannot reach

Question 7

Where are the sanctuary sites in the body?

Answer 7

Testes
CNS

Question 8

What are the complications of treatment of ALL?

Answer 8

Infection
Pancytopenia
Tumour lysis syndrome
Nausea and vomiting

Question 9

What electrolyte abnormalities are seen in tumour lysis syndrome?

Answer 9

Hyperkalaemia
Hyperuricaemia
Hyperphosphataemia
Hypocalcaemia

Question 10

What are the poor prognostic factors for ALL?

Answer 10

Male sex
Age < 2 or > 10 years
T or B cell surface markers
Non-caucasian
WBC > 20*10^9 at diagnosis