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A&P 2 > Final Exam: Ch 25&26 > Flashcards

Final Exam: Ch 25&26 Flashcards

1
Q

The uptake of nutrient molecules into the body’s own tissues is called

A

Absorption

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2
Q

An example of chemical digestion is the breakdown of ________ into _______

A

nucleic acids; nucleotides

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3
Q

Which of the following is the accessory organ of digestion responsible for producing bile?

A

Liver

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4
Q

Which of the following is not an accessory organ of digestion?

A

Spleen

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5
Q

The outermost layer of the digestive tract, which is composed of a thin layer of areolar tissue and simple squamous epithelium, is called the

A

serosa (mesentery)

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6
Q

____________ is a hormone, whereas __________ is an enzyme

A

Secretin; pepsin

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7
Q

The surface of the tongue is covered with __________ stratified squamous epithelium, and has bumps called _________ where many taste buds can be found.

A

nonkeratinized; lingual papillae

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8
Q

The __________ gland is an extrinsic salivary gland, whereas the _________ gland is an intrinsic salivary gland.

A

submandibular; lingual

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9
Q

Acid reflux into the esophagus (“heartburn”) is normally prevented by_

A

the lower esophageal sphincter (LES)

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10
Q

Infants have _______ deciduous teeth, whereas adults have up to________ permanent teeth.

A

20;32

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11
Q

The oral phase of swallowing is under_____ control and the pharyngo-esophageal phase is ______

A

central nervous system; controlled by autonomic reflexes

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12
Q

regulates the flow of contents from the stomach to the duodenum.

A

pyloric sphincter

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13
Q

Pepsinogen is produced by_______ and is activated by________ which is secreted by______

A

chief cells; hydrochloric acid (HCI): parietal cells

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14
Q

Which of the following is a function of the stomach?

A

Chemical and mechanical digestion

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15
Q

Hydrochloric acid (HCI) is secreted by ______ cells

A

parietal

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16
Q

Which of the following enzymes functions at the lowest pH?

A

Pepsin

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17
Q

Which of the following is not a function of gastric hydrochloric acid (HCI)?

A

Emulsify lipids

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18
Q

Bacteria constitute about _______% of the dry weight of the feces.

A

30

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19
Q

Which of the following is not a process carried out by bacterial flora?

A

Digestion of most of the proteins we get in the diet

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20
Q

Defecation is stimulated by_

A

stretching of the rectum

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21
Q

In which organ does protein digestion begin?

A

D

22
Q

Where does most nutrient absorption occur

A

F

23
Q

Where do mass movements occur?

A

E

24
Q

In which layer is the muscularis mucosae found?

A

F

25
Q

Which layer is controlled by the plexus at A?

A

D

26
Q

In which layer is the lamina propria found?

A

F

27
Q

Which structure is the common hepatic duct?

A

C

28
Q

Which hormone opens the structure at G?

A

CCK

29
Q

Which structure(s) carry trypsinogen?

A

H and F

30
Q

Body weight is stable when average daily energy intake and output are equal.

A

True

31
Q

Carbohydrates function as structural components in all of the following except

A

Amino acids

32
Q

Which of the following is not a function of proteins in the body?

A

Serving as cofactors for enzymes

33
Q

Where is most protein in the body found?

A

In the muscular system

34
Q

Minerals are generally__________ taken up from the soil by plants, whereas vitamins are generally_______ obtained from food.

A

metals; organic compounds

35
Q

Which of the following represents the overall reaction for aerobic respiration?

A

C6H12O6 + 6 O2 —> 6 CO2 + 6 H2O

36
Q

__________ happens in the cytoplasm, whereas _______ happens in the mitochondrion.

A

Glycolysis; the citric acid (Krebs) cycle

37
Q

Which of the following does not explain why people on weight-loss diets often lose weight quickly at first, but then more slowly over time?

A

The initial weight loss is mostly fat.

38
Q

Glycogenesis is stimulated by_________ whereas glycogenolysis is stimulated by________

A

insulin; glucagon and epinephrine

39
Q

During periods of fasting, why is fat said to have a protein-sparing effect?

A

The body does not oxidize its proteins unless it has consumed its fat reserves first.

40
Q

What is the quickest physiological mechanism for achieving moderate heat loss?

A

Cutaneous vasodilation

41
Q

Which of the following is not a major class of nutrients?

A

Nucleic acids

42
Q

How is the basal metabolic rate (BMR) different from the total metabolic rate (TMR)?

A

The TMR includes the BMR.

43
Q

Which of the following is the primary source of body heat?

A

Nutrient oxidation

44
Q

Which of the following is true regarding body temperature?

A

Adult oral temperature is typically 36.6° to 37.0°C.

45
Q

Where would you measure the shell temperature of a patient?

A

Their skin

46
Q

Three hours after your lunch and you are absorbing nutrients, which digestive phase are you in?

A

Absorptive state

47
Q

The digestive system processes food, extracts nutrients, and eliminates the residue.

A

True

48
Q

Both chemical and mechanical digestion start in the mouth and continue in the stomach.

A

True

49
Q

The_____phase is associated with food stretching the stomach and activating myenteric and
vagovagal reflexes, which in turn stimulate gastric secretions.

A

Gastric

50
Q

What are the three phases of gastric secretion?

A

Cephalic, gastric, and intestinal

A&P 2 (55 decks)

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