Final Exam: Ch 25&26

Question 1

The uptake of nutrient molecules into the body’s own tissues is called

Answer 1

Absorption

Question 2

An example of chemical digestion is the breakdown of ________ into _______

Answer 2

nucleic acids; nucleotides

Question 3

Which of the following is the accessory organ of digestion responsible for producing bile?

Answer 3

Liver

Question 4

Which of the following is not an accessory organ of digestion?

Answer 4

Spleen

Question 5

The outermost layer of the digestive tract, which is composed of a thin layer of areolar tissue and simple squamous epithelium, is called the

Answer 5

serosa (mesentery)

Question 6

____________ is a hormone, whereas __________ is an enzyme

Answer 6

Secretin; pepsin

Question 7

The surface of the tongue is covered with __________ stratified squamous epithelium, and has bumps called _________ where many taste buds can be found.

Answer 7

nonkeratinized; lingual papillae

Question 8

The __________ gland is an extrinsic salivary gland, whereas the _________ gland is an intrinsic salivary gland.

Answer 8

submandibular; lingual

Question 9

Acid reflux into the esophagus (“heartburn”) is normally prevented by_

Answer 9

the lower esophageal sphincter (LES)

Question 10

Infants have _______ deciduous teeth, whereas adults have up to________ permanent teeth.

Answer 10

20;32

Question 11

The oral phase of swallowing is under_____ control and the pharyngo-esophageal phase is ______

Answer 11

central nervous system; controlled by autonomic reflexes

Question 12

regulates the flow of contents from the stomach to the duodenum.

Answer 12

pyloric sphincter

Question 13

Pepsinogen is produced by_______ and is activated by________ which is secreted by______

Answer 13

chief cells; hydrochloric acid (HCI): parietal cells

Question 14

Which of the following is a function of the stomach?

Answer 14

Chemical and mechanical digestion

Question 15

Hydrochloric acid (HCI) is secreted by ______ cells

Answer 15

parietal

Question 16

Which of the following enzymes functions at the lowest pH?

Answer 16

Pepsin

Question 17

Which of the following is not a function of gastric hydrochloric acid (HCI)?

Answer 17

Emulsify lipids

Question 18

Bacteria constitute about _______% of the dry weight of the feces.

Answer 18

30

Question 19

Which of the following is not a process carried out by bacterial flora?

Answer 19

Digestion of most of the proteins we get in the diet

Question 20

Defecation is stimulated by_

Answer 20

stretching of the rectum

Question 21

In which organ does protein digestion begin?

Answer 21

D

Question 22

Where does most nutrient absorption occur

Answer 22

F

Question 23

Where do mass movements occur?

Answer 23

E

Question 24

In which layer is the muscularis mucosae found?

Answer 24

F

Question 25

Which layer is controlled by the plexus at A?

Answer 25

D

Question 26

In which layer is the lamina propria found?

Answer 26

F

Question 27

Which structure is the common hepatic duct?

Answer 27

C

Question 28

Which hormone opens the structure at G?

Answer 28

CCK

Question 29

Which structure(s) carry trypsinogen?

Answer 29

H and F

Question 30

Body weight is stable when average daily energy intake and output are equal.

Answer 30

True

Question 31

Carbohydrates function as structural components in all of the following except

Answer 31

Amino acids

Question 32

Which of the following is not a function of proteins in the body?

Answer 32

Serving as cofactors for enzymes

Question 33

Where is most protein in the body found?

Answer 33

In the muscular system

Question 34

Minerals are generally__________ taken up from the soil by plants, whereas vitamins are generally_______ obtained from food.

Answer 34

metals; organic compounds

Question 35

Which of the following represents the overall reaction for aerobic respiration?

Answer 35

C6H12O6 + 6 O2 —> 6 CO2 + 6 H2O

Question 36

__________ happens in the cytoplasm, whereas _______ happens in the mitochondrion.

Answer 36

Glycolysis; the citric acid (Krebs) cycle

Question 37

Which of the following does not explain why people on weight-loss diets often lose weight quickly at first, but then more slowly over time?

Answer 37

The initial weight loss is mostly fat.

Question 38

Glycogenesis is stimulated by_________ whereas glycogenolysis is stimulated by________

Answer 38

insulin; glucagon and epinephrine

Question 39

During periods of fasting, why is fat said to have a protein-sparing effect?

Answer 39

The body does not oxidize its proteins unless it has consumed its fat reserves first.

Question 40

What is the quickest physiological mechanism for achieving moderate heat loss?

Answer 40

Cutaneous vasodilation

Question 41

Which of the following is not a major class of nutrients?

Answer 41

Nucleic acids

Question 42

How is the basal metabolic rate (BMR) different from the total metabolic rate (TMR)?

Answer 42

The TMR includes the BMR.

Question 43

Which of the following is the primary source of body heat?

Answer 43

Nutrient oxidation

Question 44

Which of the following is true regarding body temperature?

Answer 44

Adult oral temperature is typically 36.6° to 37.0°C.

Question 45

Where would you measure the shell temperature of a patient?

Answer 45

Their skin

Question 46

Three hours after your lunch and you are absorbing nutrients, which digestive phase are you in?

Answer 46

Absorptive state

Question 47

The digestive system processes food, extracts nutrients, and eliminates the residue.

Answer 47

True

Question 48

Both chemical and mechanical digestion start in the mouth and continue in the stomach.

Answer 48

True

Question 49

The_____phase is associated with food stretching the stomach and activating myenteric and vagovagal reflexes, which in turn stimulate gastric secretions.

Answer 49

Gastric

Question 50

What are the three phases of gastric secretion?

Answer 50

Cephalic, gastric, and intestinal