Final Exam: Ch 25&26 Flashcards
The uptake of nutrient molecules into the body’s own tissues is called
Absorption
An example of chemical digestion is the breakdown of ________ into _______
nucleic acids; nucleotides
Which of the following is the accessory organ of digestion responsible for producing bile?
Liver
Which of the following is not an accessory organ of digestion?
Spleen
The outermost layer of the digestive tract, which is composed of a thin layer of areolar tissue and simple squamous epithelium, is called the
serosa (mesentery)
____________ is a hormone, whereas __________ is an enzyme
Secretin; pepsin
The surface of the tongue is covered with __________ stratified squamous epithelium, and has bumps called _________ where many taste buds can be found.
nonkeratinized; lingual papillae
The __________ gland is an extrinsic salivary gland, whereas the _________ gland is an intrinsic salivary gland.
submandibular; lingual
Acid reflux into the esophagus (“heartburn”) is normally prevented by_
the lower esophageal sphincter (LES)
Infants have _______ deciduous teeth, whereas adults have up to________ permanent teeth.
20;32
The oral phase of swallowing is under_____ control and the pharyngo-esophageal phase is ______
central nervous system; controlled by autonomic reflexes
regulates the flow of contents from the stomach to the duodenum.
pyloric sphincter
Pepsinogen is produced by_______ and is activated by________ which is secreted by______
chief cells; hydrochloric acid (HCI): parietal cells
Which of the following is a function of the stomach?
Chemical and mechanical digestion
Hydrochloric acid (HCI) is secreted by ______ cells
parietal
Which of the following enzymes functions at the lowest pH?
Pepsin
Which of the following is not a function of gastric hydrochloric acid (HCI)?
Emulsify lipids
Bacteria constitute about _______% of the dry weight of the feces.
30
Which of the following is not a process carried out by bacterial flora?
Digestion of most of the proteins we get in the diet
Defecation is stimulated by_
stretching of the rectum
In which organ does protein digestion begin?
D
Where does most nutrient absorption occur
F
Where do mass movements occur?
E
In which layer is the muscularis mucosae found?
F
Which layer is controlled by the plexus at A?
D
In which layer is the lamina propria found?
F
Which structure is the common hepatic duct?
C
Which hormone opens the structure at G?
CCK
Which structure(s) carry trypsinogen?
H and F
Body weight is stable when average daily energy intake and output are equal.
True
Carbohydrates function as structural components in all of the following except
Amino acids
Which of the following is not a function of proteins in the body?
Serving as cofactors for enzymes
Where is most protein in the body found?
In the muscular system
Minerals are generally__________ taken up from the soil by plants, whereas vitamins are generally_______ obtained from food.
metals; organic compounds
Which of the following represents the overall reaction for aerobic respiration?
C6H12O6 + 6 O2 —> 6 CO2 + 6 H2O
__________ happens in the cytoplasm, whereas _______ happens in the mitochondrion.
Glycolysis; the citric acid (Krebs) cycle
Which of the following does not explain why people on weight-loss diets often lose weight quickly at first, but then more slowly over time?
The initial weight loss is mostly fat.
Glycogenesis is stimulated by_________ whereas glycogenolysis is stimulated by________
insulin; glucagon and epinephrine
During periods of fasting, why is fat said to have a protein-sparing effect?
The body does not oxidize its proteins unless it has consumed its fat reserves first.
What is the quickest physiological mechanism for achieving moderate heat loss?
Cutaneous vasodilation
Which of the following is not a major class of nutrients?
Nucleic acids
How is the basal metabolic rate (BMR) different from the total metabolic rate (TMR)?
The TMR includes the BMR.
Which of the following is the primary source of body heat?
Nutrient oxidation
Which of the following is true regarding body temperature?
Adult oral temperature is typically 36.6° to 37.0°C.
Where would you measure the shell temperature of a patient?
Their skin
Three hours after your lunch and you are absorbing nutrients, which digestive phase are you in?
Absorptive state
The digestive system processes food, extracts nutrients, and eliminates the residue.
True
Both chemical and mechanical digestion start in the mouth and continue in the stomach.
True
The_____phase is associated with food stretching the stomach and activating myenteric and
vagovagal reflexes, which in turn stimulate gastric secretions.
Gastric
What are the three phases of gastric secretion?
Cephalic, gastric, and intestinal
