Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

A&P 2 > ch. 18 smart book missed questions > Flashcards

ch. 18 smart book missed questions Flashcards

1
Q

which term refers to the production of blood especially the formed elements

A

hematopoiesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

where are the first hemopoietic tissues in the human embryo found

A

yolk sac

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Which term refers to clusters of stem cells that form in the yolk sac, then migrate into the embryo to colonize the liver, spleen, thymus and bone marrow?

A

Blood islands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Hemopoietic stem cells in the bone marrow give rise to colony forming units, which in turn give rise to what?

A

Formed elements

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

One molecule of hemoglobin contains which of the following?

A

4 globin chains and 4 heme groups

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Choose all the clinical measurements that express the blood’s ability to carry oxygen.

A

RBC count

hemoglobin concentration

hematocrit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Red blood cells rely on anaerobic fermentation to produce ATP because they lack the organelle called

A

mitochondria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Which organ produces erythrocytes in the fetus, but only produces lymphocytes in the adult?

A

Spleen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Name the protein that binds oxygen and buffers blood pH.

A

Hemoglobin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How many heme groups are there in each hemoglobin molecule?

A

4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Erythropoietin is secreted by the

A

kidneys

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

The hematocrit and hemoglobin concentration are clinical data that describe which of the following?

A

The amount of oxygen the blood can carry

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

The process of erythropoiesis normally takes how many days?

A

3-5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

List, in order, the stages of erythropoiesis. Start with the least differentiated cell type at the top and end with erythrocytes.

A
  • hemopoietic stem cells
  • colony-forming units
  • erythoblasts
  • reticulocytes
  • erthrocytes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Under normal circumstances only 0.5 - 1.5% of the circulating blood cells are reticulocytes. Which medical condition might cause this number to increase?

A

Excessive blood loss

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Hypoxemia, resulting from hemorrhage, high altitude, or emphysema, may stimulate which of the following?

A

erythropoiesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the role of erythropoietin?

A

Stimulates RBC production

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Hypoxemia can occur transiently, but it is always associated with disease conditions.

A

false

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Which cell in the production of a red blood cell leaves the bone marrow to enter the blood?

A

Reticulocyte

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Hypoxemia triggers the production of erythropoietin. Erythropoietin increased the rate of erythropoiesis. This an example of which of the following?

A

Negative feedback control

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Which protein transports iron in the blood?

A

Transferrin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Choose all that are causes of hypoxemia.

A

Abrupt increases in activity level

COPD

Emphysema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

The organ known as the “erythrocyte graveyard” is the

A

spleen

24
Q

Place the steps of iron metabolism in order. Start with iron intake at the top, and finish with absorption from the digestive tract at the bottom.

A
  1. a mixture of Fe2+ and Fe3+ is ingested
  2. the stomach acid converts Fe3+ to Fe2+
  3. Fe2+ binds to gastroferritin
  4. gastroferritin carries Fe2+ to intestine for absorption
25
Q

What happens to the fragments of old red blood cells after they rupture?

A

They are recycled by macrophages.

26
Q

Transferrin does which of the following?

A

Transports iron in the blood

27
Q

What is ferritin?

A

The storage form of iron in the liver

28
Q

A high level of
________ in the blood causes the yellowish cast in the skin known as jaundice.

A

billirubin

29
Q

Why are only old RBCs destroyed in the spleen?

A

Old cells rupture in the narrow channels of the spleen because they are no longer flexible or resilient.

30
Q

What role do macrophages play in RBC death and disposal?

A

They separate the heme from the globin of hemoglobin, and hydrolyze globin into free amino acids.

31
Q

Sickle-cell disease can cause which type of anemia?

A

Hemolytic

32
Q

Why does erythropoiesis decrease with age?

A

The kidneys atrophy and produce less EPO.

Gastric atrophy may occur, reducing intrinsic factor secretion.

Elderly people tend to get less exercise and eat less well.

33
Q

blood proteins secreted by plasma cells are called

A

immunoglobins

34
Q

Snake venom is associated with which type of anemia?

A

Hemolytic

35
Q

Antibodies belong to which class of plasma proteins?

A

Gamma globulins

36
Q

Sickle-cell disease can cause which type of anemia?

A

Hemolytic

37
Q

What is agglutination?

A

The production of large antigen-antibody complexes

38
Q

Which blood type is the most common in the United States?

A

O

39
Q

A patient’s blood does not agglutinate when either anti-A or anti-B antiserum is added to it. Name the patient’s blood type.

A

O

40
Q

What causes hemolytic disease of the newborn?

A

Maternal anti-D destroys fetal erythrocytes.

41
Q

Histamine is secreted by basophils. What is the physiological role of histamine?

A

Dilates blood vessels

42
Q

List the leukocytes from most abundant at the top to least abundant (in healthy individuals).

A
  1. neutrophils
  2. lymphocytes
  3. monocytes
  4. eosinophils
  5. basophils
43
Q

Lymphocytic colony-forming unit produce which of the following cell types?

A

Natural killer (NK) cells

44
Q

Which of the following is characteristic of lymphocytes?

A

Round dark violet staining nucleus, with a light blue cytoplasm

45
Q

Choose all of the following that myeloblasts give rise to

A

Neutrophils
Eosinophils
Basophils

46
Q

A cancer of hematopoietic tissue that produces an increased number of circulating leukocytes

A

Leukemia

47
Q

A total WBC count is more useful than a differential WBC count when trying to pin down the specific cause of a disease.

A

false

48
Q

match the precursor cell that arise from each

A

monoblast–> monocyte

myeloblast–>granulocyte

lymphoblast–>lymphocyte

erythroblast–>erythrocyte

49
Q

match blood cell disorders with its description

A

leukopenia: total WBC count below 5,000 WBCs

leukocytosis: total WBS count above 10,000 WBCs

leukemia: cancer of hemopoietic tissues resulting in high numbers of leukocytes

polycythemia: abnormally high RBC count

50
Q

The test that determines what percentage of the total WBC counts consists of each type of leukocyte is called a(n)

A

differential WBC count

51
Q

What is the purpose of a differential WBC count?

A

To determine the number and ratio of each type of leukocytes in a sample

52
Q

What is the last step of coagulation?

A

Factor XIII crosslinks fibrin to form fibrin polymer.

53
Q

Procoagulants are also called

A

clotting factors

54
Q

Hageman factor is also which of the following?

A

factor XII

55
Q

How is prothrombin activator formed?

A

When factor X combines with factors III and V

56
Q
A

A&P 2 (55 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions