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A&P 2 > ch 25 and 26 practice test > Flashcards

ch 25 and 26 practice test Flashcards

1
Q
  1. digestive process begins with the ingestion of food
  2. starting in the mouth the mechanical and chemical breakdown of food is referred to as digestion
  3. once foods are broken down into chemical monomers the digestive system moves nutrients from the GI tract into the cells of the body via absorption
  4. indigestable residues along with some of the non-reabsorbed secretion of digestive organs, undergo compaction
  5. the final step requires defecation where the fecal matter resulting from compaction is excreted from the body
A
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2
Q

accessory organ

A
  • gallbladder
  • salivary gland
  • tooth
  • liver
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3
Q

part of the digestive tract

A
  • colon
  • duodenum
  • buccal cavity
  • rectum
  • ileum
  • jejunum
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4
Q

parts of the buccal cavity

A
  • foliate papillae
  • gingivae
  • submandibular ducts
  • labial frenulum
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5
Q

parts of the stomach

A
  • gastric pits
  • fundus
  • gastric rugae
  • pylorus
  • greater curvature
  • three muscle layers
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6
Q

function of hydrochloric acid

A
  • converts iron to an absorbable form
  • activates pepsin and lingual lipase
  • destroys most ingested pathogens
  • breaks up connective tissues and cell walls of plants
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7
Q

function of pepsin

A
  • digests proteins
  • auocatalytic
  • active form of a zymogen
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8
Q

function of gastric lipase

A
  • digests fat in the stomach
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9
Q

function of intrinsic factor

A
  • essential to the absorption of vitamin B12
  • dysfunction could causes pernicious anemia
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10
Q
  1. during the gastric phase food stretched the stomach and activates myenteric and vagovagal reflexes
  2. these reflexes stimulate gastric secretions
  3. these secretion include gastrin, pepsinogen, and HCl
  4. these process will continue in a positive feedback cycle until the phase is complete
  5. small peptides buffer stomach acid so the pH does not fall excessively low
A
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11
Q

carbohydrate

A
  • salivary amylase
  • maltase
  • sucrase
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12
Q

lipid

A
  • lingual lipase
  • pancreatic lipase
  • gastric lipase
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13
Q

protein

A
  • pepsin
  • chymotrypsin
  • carboxypeptidase
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14
Q
  1. the absorption of carbs from the intestinal lumen occurs directly through secondary active transport
  2. sodium-potassium pumps in the basal membrane work to actively transport sodium out the cell towards the interstitium while cotransporting potassium to the intracellular fluid
  3. with a declining intracellular concentration of sodium, sodium now diffuses from the intestinal lumen to the ICF of the epithelium
  4. the luminal diffusion of sodium to the ICF is coupled with glucose and galactose cotransport into the cell
A
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15
Q

what is the outermost layer of the digestive tract

A

serosa

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16
Q

in which direction do the peristalic contraction of the stomach’s smooth muscle move contents

A

from the body to the pyloric region

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17
Q

what is the mechanical and chemical breakdown of food called

A

digestion

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18
Q

which of the hormones does NOT inhibit gastric gland secretions

A

gastrin

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19
Q

which occurs during the gastric phase of gastric secretion

A
  • gastric secretion begins
  • the secretion of hydrochloric acid and pepsin is stimulated
  • gastric secretion and motility is stimulated in response to food increasing the pH of the stomach’s contents
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20
Q

which inhibits the secretion of the gastric glands

A

duodenal pH of less than two

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21
Q

the medulla oblongata controls gastric secretion by utilizing the parasympathetic branch of the nervous system and the endocrine system

A

false

22
Q

distention of the stomach activates a direct stimulatory effect on the gastric glands

A

true

23
Q

in the parietal cells the enzyme carbonic anhydrase causes a reaction between

A

carbon dioxide
water

24
Q

ions exchange molecules in the plasma membrane of the parietal cells exchange ____ ions going out for _ ions coming in

A

bicarbonate
chloride

25
Q

hydrochloric acid is formed when

A

hydrogen ions and chloride ions join in the duct of the gastric gland

26
Q

in the parietal cell carbonic acid dissociates into a bicarbonate ion and a hydrogen ion

A

true

27
Q

the carbonic acid ion is joined to a hydrogen ion by the enzyme carbonic anhydrase

A

false

28
Q

which does NOT stimulate the secretion of HCl in the stomach

A

secretin

29
Q

secretin is released from the duodenum in response to

A

hydrochloric acid in chyme

30
Q

which enzymes is produces by the stomach

A

pepsin

31
Q

gastric function to increase the production of HCl in the stomach

A

true

32
Q

as long as there is chyme in the duodenum it will continue to stimulate gastric secretion

A

false

33
Q

uptake of nutrient molecules into the body’s own tissues is called

A

absorption

34
Q

an ex of chemical digestion is the breakdown of

A

nucleic acids into nucleotides

35
Q

which is not an accessory organ of digestion

A

spleen

36
Q

____ is a hormone whereas ____ is an enzyme

A

secretun
pepsin

37
Q

which is not normally found in saliva

A

protease

38
Q

HCl is secreted by

A

parietal cells

39
Q

pepsin is secreted as a zymogen

A

so it acts only in the stomach lumen and does not digest intracellular proteins

40
Q

which of the following enzymes at the lowest pH

A

pepsin

41
Q

pancreatic enzymes are secreted in response to a hormone called

A

cholecystokinin (CCK)

42
Q

contact digestion takes place in/at the

A

brush border of the small intestine

43
Q

in which organ does protein digestion begin

A

D. stomach

44
Q

where does most nutrient absorption occur

A

F. small intestines

45
Q

where do mass movements occur

A

E. large intestine

46
Q

in which layer is the muscularis mucosae found

A

F

47
Q

which layer is controlled by the plexus at A?

A

D

48
Q

in which layer is the lamina propria found

A

F

49
Q

which region is examined with a sigmoidoscope

A

G.

50
Q

where is the hepatic flexure

A

C

51
Q

which regions are retroperitoneal

A

B and F

A&P 2 (55 decks)

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