Final Exam: Ch 17 Flashcards
Which of the following best describes a hormone?
A chemical messenger transported by the bloodstream that stimulates target cells in another organ often a good distance away
Hormones serve as intracellular messengers.
False
Which of the following is not an endocrine organ?
Spleen
The_________ can be found as part of the epithalamus, near the superior colliculi of the midbrain.
Pineal gland
Testosterone is a gonadotropin.
False
Which of the following is true regarding endocrine glands?
They release their secretions into the blood.
Which of the following is not a hypothalamic hormone?
Luteinizing hormone (LH)
The posterior pituitary releases_________.
oxytocin (OT)
Diabetes insipidus is caused by_________.
antidiuretic hormone (ADH) hyposecretion
The anterior pituitary is_________ the posterior pituitary and has_________ connection to the hypothalamus.
larger than; no neuronal
The_________ secretes growth hormone, which is also known as somatotropin.
anterior pituitary
The hypophyseal portal system connects the_________ with the_________.
anterior pituitary; hypothalamus
What makes a cell responsive to a particular hormone?
The presence of a receptor for that particular hormone
The nervous system reacts to stimuli_________ compared to the endocrine system, adapts_________ compared to the endocrine system, and has_________ effects compared to the endocrine system.
quickly; quickly; specific
Which of the following is the correct abbreviation for the hormone that stimulates the anterior pituitary to secrete ACTH?
CRH
What is the abbreviation for the hormone also known as vasopressin?
ADH
Sending a post card by UPS to your father in California would be __________ while sending a text to him by phone would be ___________
Endocrine system/nervous system
Which hormone stimulates glucocorticoid secretion?
ACTH
Which of these hormones does not stimulate the release of another hormone by its target cells?
PRL
As an example of hormonal communication, when osmoreceptors of the_________ detect dehydration, a signal to the posterior pituitary gland causes the release of_________.
hypothalamus; antidiuretic hormone
As an example of hormonal communication, when osmoreceptors of the_________ detect dehydration, a signal to the posterior pituitary gland causes the release of_________.
hypothalamus; antidiuretic hormone
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) targets the_________.
Kidneys
The hormone called_________ plays an important role in sleep and synchronizing physiological function with the cycle of daylight and darkness.
melatonin
The_________ secretes several hormones that stimulate the development of lymphatic organs and regulates development and activity of T cells.
Thymus
The_________ secrete(s) PTH, a hormone as a response to low blood calcium level (hypocalcemia).
parathyroid glands
The_________ secretes a hormone that increases the body’s metabolic rate, promotes alertness, quickens reflexes, and stimulates the fetal nervous system.
thyroid gland
The_________ secrete(s)_________, which promotes sodium and water retention to maintain blood volume and pressure.
adrenal cortex; aldosterone
The zona fasciculata in the adrenal gland secretes_________.
cortisol
Many hours after a meal, alpha (α) cells in the pancreatic islets secrete_________, which_________ blood glucose.
glucagon; raises
Parathyroid hormone promotes which of the following?
The resorption of calcium from bone
Which of the following is not a cause of Cushing syndrome?
Hyperactivity of the adrenal medulla
Which of the following is not a characteristic of diabetes mellitus?
Hypoglycemia
Which of the following organs has both endocrine and exocrine functions?
The ovary
Which of the following is not a steroid hormone?
Insulin
Which of the following is synthesized in the rough endoplasmic reticulum?
Glucagon
T3 & T4 are_________ hormones that are mainly transported_________ in the blood.
monoamine; bound to thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG)
Which of the following enters a target cell’s nucleus and acts directly on the genes.
Estrogen
Match the hormone abbreviations with their function
LH/Stimulate ovulation
Which of the following is an increase in the number of receptors making a target cell more sensitive to a hormone?
Up-regulation
Neither follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) nor testosterone alone can stimulate significant sperm production, whereas when they act together, the testes produce some 300,000 sperm per minute. This is an example of which principle regarding hormones?
The synergistic effect
