ch 26 smartbook missed questions Flashcards
which is secreted by adipocytes in levels proportional to the amount of stored fat and thus is the primary indicator of fat reserves
leptin
which is considered a short-term regulator of appetite
cholecystokinin
which nucleus located in the hypothalamus is an important brain center for appetite regulation
arcuate nucleus
which nickname best described the role of ghrelin in appetite regulation
hunger hormone
which is a secretion of the arcuate nucleus that inhibits eating
melanocortin
alcohol and sugary foods are considered _________ _______
calories that do not provide nutrients that the body requires
empty calories
choose all that function in long-term appetite regulation
insulin
leptin
which hormone is secreted by the appetite-regulating neurons in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus and act as a potential appetite stimulant
neuropeptide Y
choose all that are types of nutrients
- carbohyrdates
- water
- proteins
- minerals
- vitamins
- lipids
choose all that are considered macronutrients b/c they must be consumed in relatively large quantities
- carbohyrdates
- lipids
- proteins
- water
one neural network of the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus secretes _____ which inhibits eating
melanocortin
choose all that are ex of carbohyrdates
- glycogen
- glucose
- sucrose
what are the 3 principles forms of dietary carbohydrates
- polysaccharides
- disaccharides
- monosaccharides
choose all that are dietary disaccharides
- maltose
- sucrose
- lactose
which term refers to a carbohydrate molecule comprised of many glucose monomers
polysaccharide
choose all that are ex of water-insoluble fiber
- cellulose
- lignin
- hemicellulose
choose all the substances that cholesterol is a precursor for
- vitamin D
- testosterone
- estrogen
- bile acids
choose all the statements about dieatery fat that are true
- fat should account for no more than 35% of one’s daily caloric intake
- people who ingest less than 20g of fat per day are at risk of vitamin deficiency
- a well-nourished adult meets 80% to 90% of his or her resting energy needs from fat
choose all that are ex of water-insoluble fiber
- cellulose
- lignin
- hemocellulose
choose all members of the electron-transport chain
- flavin mononucleotide
- copper ions
- coenzyme Q
- cytochromes
for several hours during and after a meal you are in the _____ state
absorptive
the pH imbalance that occurs as a result of a high concentration of ketone bodies in the blood known as
ketoacidosis
the absorptive state is regulated largely by the hormone ____ which is secreted in response to elevated blood glucose and amino acid levels
insulin
in which metabolic pathway is ammonia combined with CO2 in the liver to produce a less toxic waste
the urea cycle
insulin _____ gluconeogensis
inhibits
protein synthesis is stimulated by which of the following
- growth hormone
- thyroid hormone
- insulin
what is amination
addition of a NH2 to a molecule
it is critical that the postabsorptive state maintains blood glucose levels b/c the _____ cannot use alt an energy source except in cases of prolonged fasting
brain
during which state are nutrients being absorbed and may be used immediately for energy
absorptive state
which hormone is most important in regulating the absorptive state
insulin
what is cachexia
wasting away; associated with chronic diseases
choose all that are effects of insulin
- inhibits glucogenesis
- stimulates glycogenesis
- stimulates glucose oxidation
which factors regulate metabolism during the postabsorptive state
- sympathetic nervous system
- glucagon
during the ____ state energy may be provided by mechanisms such as the breakdown of
postabsorptive
a person’s basal metabolic rate (BMR) is his or her metabolic rate during which 3 situations
- at a cooler temp
- in a post absorptive state
- relaxed
when does the absorptive state occur
for several hours during and after a meal
the sum of basal metabolic rate and energy expenditure for voluntary activities is
total metabolic rate
choose all that tend to lower total metabolic rate
- prolonged starvation
- depression
- apathy
if glycogen and fat reserves are depleted the body begins to use the macromolecule
protein as fuel
refers to the amount of energy released per unit of time (kcal/h or kcal/day)
metabolic rate
