ch 26 smartbook missed questions Flashcards

1
Q

which is secreted by adipocytes in levels proportional to the amount of stored fat and thus is the primary indicator of fat reserves

A

leptin

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2
Q

which is considered a short-term regulator of appetite

A

cholecystokinin

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3
Q

which nucleus located in the hypothalamus is an important brain center for appetite regulation

A

arcuate nucleus

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4
Q

which nickname best described the role of ghrelin in appetite regulation

A

hunger hormone

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5
Q

which is a secretion of the arcuate nucleus that inhibits eating

A

melanocortin

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6
Q

alcohol and sugary foods are considered _________ _______
calories that do not provide nutrients that the body requires

A

empty calories

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7
Q

choose all that function in long-term appetite regulation

A

insulin
leptin

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8
Q

which hormone is secreted by the appetite-regulating neurons in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus and act as a potential appetite stimulant

A

neuropeptide Y

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9
Q

choose all that are types of nutrients

A
  • carbohyrdates
  • water
  • proteins
  • minerals
  • vitamins
  • lipids
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10
Q

choose all that are considered macronutrients b/c they must be consumed in relatively large quantities

A
  • carbohyrdates
  • lipids
  • proteins
  • water
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11
Q

one neural network of the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus secretes _____ which inhibits eating

A

melanocortin

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12
Q

choose all that are ex of carbohyrdates

A
  • glycogen
  • glucose
  • sucrose
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13
Q

what are the 3 principles forms of dietary carbohydrates

A
  • polysaccharides
  • disaccharides
  • monosaccharides
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14
Q

choose all that are dietary disaccharides

A
  • maltose
  • sucrose
  • lactose
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15
Q

which term refers to a carbohydrate molecule comprised of many glucose monomers

A

polysaccharide

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16
Q

choose all that are ex of water-insoluble fiber

A
  • cellulose
  • lignin
  • hemicellulose
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17
Q

choose all the substances that cholesterol is a precursor for

A
  • vitamin D
  • testosterone
  • estrogen
  • bile acids
18
Q

choose all the statements about dieatery fat that are true

A
  • fat should account for no more than 35% of one’s daily caloric intake
  • people who ingest less than 20g of fat per day are at risk of vitamin deficiency
  • a well-nourished adult meets 80% to 90% of his or her resting energy needs from fat
19
Q

choose all that are ex of water-insoluble fiber

A
  • cellulose
  • lignin
  • hemocellulose
20
Q

choose all members of the electron-transport chain

A
  • flavin mononucleotide
  • copper ions
  • coenzyme Q
  • cytochromes
21
Q

for several hours during and after a meal you are in the _____ state

A

absorptive

22
Q

the pH imbalance that occurs as a result of a high concentration of ketone bodies in the blood known as

A

ketoacidosis

23
Q

the absorptive state is regulated largely by the hormone ____ which is secreted in response to elevated blood glucose and amino acid levels

A

insulin

24
Q

in which metabolic pathway is ammonia combined with CO2 in the liver to produce a less toxic waste

A

the urea cycle

25
Q

insulin _____ gluconeogensis

A

inhibits

26
Q

protein synthesis is stimulated by which of the following

A
  • growth hormone
  • thyroid hormone
  • insulin
27
Q

what is amination

A

addition of a NH2 to a molecule

28
Q

it is critical that the postabsorptive state maintains blood glucose levels b/c the _____ cannot use alt an energy source except in cases of prolonged fasting

A

brain

29
Q

during which state are nutrients being absorbed and may be used immediately for energy

A

absorptive state

30
Q

which hormone is most important in regulating the absorptive state

A

insulin

31
Q

what is cachexia

A

wasting away; associated with chronic diseases

32
Q

choose all that are effects of insulin

A
  • inhibits glucogenesis
  • stimulates glycogenesis
  • stimulates glucose oxidation
33
Q

which factors regulate metabolism during the postabsorptive state

A
  • sympathetic nervous system
  • glucagon
34
Q
A
35
Q

during the ____ state energy may be provided by mechanisms such as the breakdown of

A

postabsorptive

36
Q

a person’s basal metabolic rate (BMR) is his or her metabolic rate during which 3 situations

A
  • at a cooler temp
  • in a post absorptive state
  • relaxed
37
Q

when does the absorptive state occur

A

for several hours during and after a meal

38
Q

the sum of basal metabolic rate and energy expenditure for voluntary activities is

A

total metabolic rate

39
Q

choose all that tend to lower total metabolic rate

A
  • prolonged starvation
  • depression
  • apathy
40
Q

if glycogen and fat reserves are depleted the body begins to use the macromolecule

A

protein as fuel

41
Q

refers to the amount of energy released per unit of time (kcal/h or kcal/day)

A

metabolic rate

42
Q
A