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A&P 2 > Final Exam: Ch 21 > Flashcards

Final Exam: Ch 21 Flashcards

1
Q

Special lymphoid vessels, called lacteals, absorb dietary__________ that are not absorbed by the blood capillaries.

A

lipids

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2
Q

Lymphatic vessels recover about__________ of the fluid filtered by capillaries.

A

15%

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3
Q

Lymph is similar to blood plasma, but very low in__________.

A

protein

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4
Q

Which of the following forces does not help lymph to flow?

A

The lymphatic node pump

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5
Q

__________ are the largest of the lymphatic vessels, and they empty into the__________.

A

Collecting ducts; subclavian veins

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6
Q

Removal of the__________ would be more harmful to a one-year-old child than an adult.

A

Thymus

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7
Q

The only lymphoid organ(s) with afferent lymphatic vessels is(are) the__________.

A

Lymph nodes

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8
Q

The__________ show(s) a remarkable degree of degeneration (involution) with age.

A

Thymus

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9
Q

The__________ tonsils are the largest, and their surgical removal (tonsillectomy) used to be one of the most common surgical procedures performed in children.

A

Palatine

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10
Q

T cells achieve immunocompetence in the__________.

A

Thymus

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11
Q

Which of the following is not an example of lymphoid tissue?

A

Macrophages

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12
Q

Perforin is released by__________.

A

cytotoxic T cells

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13
Q

Immune surveillance is a process in which__________ nonspecifically detect and destroy foreign cells and diseased host cells.

A

natural killer (NK) cells

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14
Q

__________ employ a “respiratory burst” to produce bactericidal chemicals such as hydrogen peroxide (image) and hypochlorite (HClO).

A

Neutrophils

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15
Q

__________ are found especially in the mucous membrane, standing guard against parasites and allergens.

A

Eosinophils

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16
Q

The immune system spans nearly every organ and tissue in the human body.

A

True

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17
Q

__________ lacks the capacity to remember a pathogen or react differently to it in the future, whereas __________ utilizes memory cells to adapt to a given pathogen and ward it off more easily in the future.

A

Innate immunity; adaptive immunity

18
Q

One group of proteolytic enzymes secreted by natural killer (NK) cells is__________.

A

granzymes

19
Q

When an enemy cell is present, a(n)__________ secretes perforins, which bore a hole in the enemy cell membrane.

A

natural killer cell

20
Q

Complement C3b protein coats bacteria and stimulates phagocytosis by__________ during a process called__________.

A

neutrophils and macrophages; opsonization

21
Q

__________ are antimicrobial proteins.

A

Interferons

22
Q

Endogenous pyrogens are produced by__________.

A

neutrophils and macrophages

23
Q

A pyrogen is a substance that causes__________.

A

fever

24
Q

The first of a series of neutrophil behaviors in inflammation is__________.

A

margination

25
Q

Which of these cellular agents does not participate in inflammation?

A

Cytotoxic T cells

26
Q

One characteristic of the immune response is specificity. This means that__________.

A

immunity is directed against a particular pathogen

27
Q

Cellular (cell-mediated) immunity is effective against__________.

A

cancer cells

28
Q

Vaccination stimulates__________ immunity.

A

artificial active

29
Q

The serum used for emergency treatment of snakebites stimulates__________ immunity.

A

artificial passive

30
Q

A(n)__________ is the region of an antigen that stimulates an immune response.

A

epitope

31
Q

Each immunoglobulin (Ig) has__________ antigen-binding site(s).

A

2

32
Q

Which organ is considered the graveyard of erythrocyte graveyard

A

Spleen

33
Q

T Lymphocytes are born in _____________, trained in ___________ and deployed in _____________

A

Bone marrow, thymus, location to carry immune function

34
Q

Which of the followingcannot act as antigen-presenting cells?

A

Antibodies

35
Q

Amongst the lymphocytes, which one represents 80% of the cells

A

T cells

36
Q

The First line of defense includes

A

Skin

37
Q

The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) targets mainly__________.

A

Helper T cells

38
Q

Which of these organs shrinks significantly by adulthood?

see photos for pic

A

A. Thymus

39
Q

Which of these is the largest lymphoid organ in the body?

See photos for picture

A

E. Spleen

40
Q

Which of these structures collects chyle?

See photos for picture

A

B. Cysterna Chyli

A&P 2 (55 decks)

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