Final Exam: Ch 22 Flashcards
Muscle plays an important role in cleansing inhaled air. It is produced by ______ of the respiratory tract
Goblet cells
Which structure is highlighted
Laryngeal cartilages
This diagram shows some of the muscles that are active during inhalation. Which muscle is labeled 1
Sternocleidomastoid
What are the most numerous cells in the lungs
Dust cells
Which of the following is a lung disease marked by a reduced number of cilia, reduced motility of the remaining cilia, goblet cell hypertrophy and hyper secretion and thick sputum
Chronic bronchitis
Congestive heart failure results in which of the following
Ischemic hypoxia
Which bronchus is about 5cm long and slightly narrower and less vertical than the one on the opposite side
Left main bronchus
Upon inspiration what is the name of the air in the conducting zone that is not available for gas exchange
Anatomical dead space
During exercise which of the following directly increases respiratory rate
Anticipation of the needs of exercising muscle
Which structure is labeled 2
Cricoid cartilage
Respiratory arrest is an irreversible condition
False
Among its other purposes how is the Valsalva maneuver used
To aid in defecation and urination
If one inspired through their nose which of the following answers has the correct order of structures the air would move through
- Nares
- Vestibule
- Nasal cavity
- Nasopharynx
- Oropharynx
- Laryngopharynx
- Larynx
- Trachea
- Primary bronchus
- Secondary bronchus
- Tertiary bronchus
- Bronchiole
- Terminal bronchiole
- Respiratory bronchiole
- Alveolar duct
- Alveolar sac
- Alveolus
The vagus and glossopharyngeal nerves carry afferent signals from peripheral chemoreceptors to a chemosensitive area in the
Medulla oblongata
In one passage through a bed of systemic blood capillaries the blood gives up about what percentage of its oxygen
20% to 25%
Crude sounds are formed into intelligible speech by all of the following except
Epiglottis
What is indicated in this figure
Lobar bronchi
In the air we breathe which gas is found in the highest concentration
Nitrogen
Which of the following cartilages is largest
Larynx
The upper respiratory tract extends from the nose through the
Larynx
This diagram shows some of the muscles that’s are active during inhalation. Which muscle is labeled 3
Internal intercostals
What is the basic distinction between an alveolar duct and an alveolar atrium
Their shape
Gas transport is the process of carrying gases from the alveoli to the systemic tissues and vice versa
True
How is the vital capacity calculated
Expiratory reserve volume + tidal volume + inspiratory reserve volume
Which 2 ligaments extend from the thyroid cartilage to the arytenoid cartilage
Vestibular and vocal
Name the cartilage labeled 2
Thyroid cartilage
What type of cell is labeled 1
Great alveolar cell
The lungs have a total of 5
Lobes
Which of the following has no effect on oxyhemoglobin dissociation
Erythrocytes count
What is the function of the cell labeled 1
They secrete of pulmonary surfactant
The _______ system exchanges oxygen and carbon dioxide with the air whereas the _______ system transports oxygen and carbon dioxide throughout the body
Respiratory
Circulatory
The heart indents into the _____ of the left lung
Cardiac notch
What type of cell is labeled 3
Alveolar macrophage
Which law states that the total atmospheric pressure is a sum of the contributions of the individual gases
Dalton’s
Which of the following would lead to anemic hypoxia
Sickle-cell disease
The amount of air in excess of tidal volume that can be inhaled with max effort is the
Inspiratory reserve volume
Each alveolus is surrounded by a web of blood capillaries supplied by the
Pulmonary artery
Which 2 of the muscles labeled on this diagram are the principal respiratory muscles of inspiration
(The other 2 act as synergism’s and are considered accessory)
2 and 4
Which of the following would slow down gas exchange between the blood and alveolar air
An increase in membrane thickness
Breathing is controlled solely by the medulla oblongata and pons
False
