Final Exam: Ch 23&24 Flashcards
Which of the following is not true about the anatomy of the urinary system
The kidneys are at equal heights within the pelvic cavity
The _______ is not an organ of the urinary system
Liver
In life-threatening starvation the kidneys synthesize glucose by
Delaminating amino acids
A by-product of protein catabolism _____ constitutes approximately one-half of all nitrogenous waste
Urea
Which organ system does not excrete waste
The cardiovascular system
The medial concavity of the kidney is called the _____ which admits the renal nerves, blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, and ureter
Hilum
Blood plasma is filtered the
Renal corpuscle
A single lobe of a kidney is comprised of
One pyramid and the overlying cortex
Which of the following form the inner layer of the glomerular capsule and wrap around the capillaries of the glomerulus
Podocytes
Corticol nephrons can be distinguished from juxtamedullary nephrons by
Their location within the renal cortex
The transition from an afferent arterials to an efferent arteriole occurs in the
Glomerulus
Which of the following correctly traces blood flow from the renal cortex to the renal vein
- Cortical radiate (interlobular) vein
- Arcuate vein
- Interlobar vein
- Renal vein
What is the correct branching sequence of arteries in the kidney
- Renal artery
- Segmental arteries
- Interlobar arteries
The _______ innervation of the kidneys reduces urine production, while the function of its ______
innervation is unknown.
sympathetic; parasympathetic
In a healthy kidney, very little______ is filtered by the glomerulus.
Protein
Assuming all other values are normal, calculate the net filtration pressure in a patient with a drop in capsular hydrostatic pressure to 8 mmHg.
Blood hydrostatic pressure (BHP) is 60 mm Hg
Colloid osmotic pressure (COP) is 32 mm Hg
Net Filtration - BHP - Hydrostatic pressure in capsular space - COP
20 mm Hg out
Which of the following would reduce the glomerular filtration rate (GFR)?
Vasoconstriction of the afferent arteriole
Because of the great deal of active transport that occurs here the _______ of one’s nephron collectively account for about 6% of one’s daily resting ATP and caloric consumption
proximal convoluted tubules
Glucose and amino acids are reabsorbed from the glomerular filtrate by the
proximal convoluted tubule
Which of the following is not reabsorbed by the proximal convoluted tubule?
Hydrogen ions
Total saturation of protein transporters for a given solute in the renal tubules would result in
appearance of that solute in the urine
Hypocalcemia stimulates
secretion of parathyroid hormone
As urine passes in the collecting ducts it becomes
more concentrated
Loop diuretics reduce body water content by acting on the
countercurrent multiplier system
Normal urine from a healthy person should not contain
Glucose
What substances are not found in normal urine?
Free hemoglobin
To meet the definition of polyuria, the minimum daily output of urine is
2.0 L
What happens during water conservation stage of urine formation?
Water is removed from the urine and returned back to blood
What describes best the glomerular filtrate
Fluid similar to blood plasma
Routes of water loss include all these except
Hair shaft
The average young adult male has less water percentage in his body than an average young adult female
False
In a state of fluid balance, average daily fluid gains and losses are equal.
True
The kidneys neutralize more acid or base than any other buffer system.
True
Where is the greatest volume of water in the body found?
Intracellular fluid (ICF)
What determines osmosis from one fluid compartment to another?
The relative concentration of solutes in each compartment
In which compartment would fluid accumulate in edema?
Tissue (interstitial) fluid
Fluid intake is governed mainly by hypothalamic neurons called
osmoreceptors
Breathing into and out of a paper bag for a long period of time will lead to
respiratory acidosis
An excessive intake of antacids can lead to which of the following?
Metabolic alkalosis
As shown in this diagram, increased blood osmolarity stimulates hypothalamic osmoreceptors. What happens next? (What goes in the yellow box?)
Posterior pituitary releases ADH
