ch 26 Quiz Answers Flashcards
Which of the following function in long-term appetite regulation? Select three peptides from the list below.
- insulin
- ghrelin
- neuropeptide Y
Which of the following is a principal source of body heat?
- Muscle contraction
- Chemical reactions associated with cellular activity
- Bone density
- evaporation
Match each method of heat loss with its accurate example.
Radiation
* Invisible light rays emitted from molecular motion heat the air around your body.
Conduction
* Heat from your body is transferred to your clothes.
Evaporation
* Sweat on your skin turns to vapor in the air.
Read each of the scenarios below. Then, click and drag them into the appropriate category to identify whether each would raise or lower the total metabolic rate (TMR).
Raise the total metabolic rate
- Pregnancy
- Anxiety
- Breakfast
- Fighting a bacterial infection
- Hyperthyroidism
Read each of the scenarios below. Then, click and drag them into the appropriate category to identify whether each would raise or lower the total metabolic rate (TMR).
Lower the Total Metabolic Rate
- Hypothyroidism
- Depression
- Aging
- Reduction in food intake
- Apathy
Drag each label to the appropriate position to indicate which energy system is being described.
Glycolysis
- Describes the partial breakdown of glucose
- Produces 2 molecules of pyruvate per molecule of glucose
- Can produce large quantities of lactate during times of oxygen deficiency
Drag each label to the appropriate position to indicate which energy system is being described.
Aerobic respiration
- Occurs in the mitochondria
- Produces over 30 molecules of ATP
per glucose - Utilizes the slowest reaction rates
irge - Requires adequate oxygen supply
Match each mineral to its most common dietary sources.
- Sodium
- Calcium
- Fluoride
- Iron
- Sodium: Table salt, processed foods; usually present in excess
- Calcium: Milk, fish, shellfish, greens, tofu, orange juice
- Fluoride: Fluoridated water and toothpaste, tea, seafood, seaweed
- Iron: Red meat, liver, shellfish, eggs, dried fruits, nuts, legumes, molasses
When glucose stores are low during exercise, energy can be liberated from adipocytes via lipogenesis.
False
Select the single word into each sentence to make it correct.
- Inside the mitochondria, electrons are passed down a transport chain.
- Hydrogen atoms are split apart as they transfer from coenzymes to the chain.
- The protons are pumped from the intermembrane space.
- Each electron carrier in the chain becomes reduced when it receives an electron pair.
- It is then oxidized again when it passes the electrons along to the next carrier
- The result is that energy is liberated at each transfer.
Complete each sentence describing the hypothalamic response to heat using one of the choices provided.
- The temperature of the blood rises to a point that is too high.
- This is detected by the preoptic area of the hypothalamus
- The hypothalamus activates heat loss mechanisms.
- The simplest response is vasodilation of vessels in the skin.
- This brings more blood to the surface
and allows it to cool.
Which term is defined as any ingested chemical that is used for growth, repair, or maintenance of the body?
Nutrient
When oxygen accepts electrons, water is produced as a byproduct.
True
The formation of ATP as a result of the activity of the electron transport system is termed substrate-level phosphorylation.
False
Arrange the following electron acceptors in the proper order in which they participate in electron transport.
1 = Cytochrome c
2 = Oxygen
3 = Cytochrome c oxidase
1, 3, 2
The electrons that are transferred through the electron transport system initially belonged to which molecule?
Both NADH and FADH2
The movement of protons through
ATP synthase occurs from where to where?
From the
intermembrane space to the matrix
During glycolysis, a 6-carbon sugar diphosphate molecule is split into two
3-carbon sugar phosphate molecules.
True
Under aerobic conditions, the end-product of glycolysis is further reduced to yield more ATP.
False
In glycolysis, what is glucose converted to?
Two pyruvate molecules
What is the net result of energy from a single glycolysis run?
2 NADH and 2 ATP
Under anaerobic conditions, what is the end-product of glycolysis converted to?
Lactate
The Krebs cycle occurs in the mitochondrion.
True
A single “turn” of the Krebs cycle involves three different decarboxylation reactions.
False
Before entering the Krebs cycle, what is pyruvate converted to?
Acetyl-CoA
What will a single “turn” of the Krebs cycle yield?
1 АТР, 3
NADH, and
1 FADH2
The initial reaction of the Krebs cycle involves the addition of what?
2-carbon
molecule to a 4-carbon molecule
What function do many B vitamins serve in the production of energy?
They function as co-enzymes.
How do enzymes assist in reactions?
They lower the activation energy.
In the video, what co-enzyme is used to assist in the production of ATP from pyruvate?
Thiamine pyrophosphate
What happens when you consume more B vitamins than your body needs?
An increase of B vitamins in the urine.
Which B vitamin functions as part of Coenzyme A in the matrix reactions?
Pantothenic
acid
