Ch. 17 Quiz Flashcards
Endocrine description
Secretions are distributed through the bloodstream
Secretions serve as a form of cell-to-cell communication.
Secretions belong to three chemical categories:
steroids, monoamines, and peptides.
Glands exhibit a high density of capillaries.
Exocrine description
Secretions are released via ducts onto epithelial tissues.
Secretions serve to lubricate mucosal membranes.
Secretions might contain metabolic waste.
Secretions may have antimicrobial properties.
Secretions that are exocrine
Sebum
Sweat
Mucus
Bile
Hydrochloric acid
Secretions that are endocrine
Prolactin
Erythropoietin
Triiodothyronine
Oxytocin
Testosterone
LH
stimulates ovulation
TRH
stimulates production of TSH and PRL
ACTH
stimulates secretion of anti-stress hormones
PRL
stimulates milk synthesis
ADH
stimulates water retention
FSH
named for the effect on gamete production
ADH
name means “against urine”
PTH
name means “near thyroid”
TSH
named for directly affecting thyroid
T3
named for the number of iodine molecules in the hormone
PRL
name means “promoting milk production”
GnRH
named for causing the release of hormones affecting the gonads
ACTH
named for stimulating the cortex of the adrenal gland
LH
named for producing the conversion of the follicle into a corpus luteum
CRH
named for causing the release of ACTH
adipose tissue
insulin stimulates this tissue to convert glucose to triglycerides
bone tissue
parathyroid hormone stimulates this tissue to release calcium
skeletal muscle tissue
growth hormone stimulates this tissue to hypertrophy in response to mechanical trauma
blood tissue
erythropoietin stimulates increased production of this tissue
cardiac tissue
epinephrine stimulates the beta receptors of this tissue producing cAMP production and calcium permeability
hyaline cartilage
growth hormone stimulates chondroblasts and hyperplasia in this tissue and ossification of matrix
pancreatic islets
hyperglycemia stimulates these cells to secrete insulin
merocrine sweat glands
epinephrine binds to muscarinic receptors in this tissue to cause increased secretion of sweat
seminiferous tubules
FSH stimulates the production of sperm in this tissue
prostacyclin
inhibiting blood clotting and vasoconstriction
thromboxanes
stimulates vasoconstriction and clotting
prostaglandins
relax and/or contract smooth muscle
leukotrienes
mediate allergic and inflammatory reactions
Addison disease
hyposecretion of glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids
graves disease
thyroid hypertrophy and hypersecretion
myxedema
prolonged adult hypothyroidism
pheochromocytoma
excess ephinephrine secretion
Cushing syndrome
excess cortisol secretion
hyperparathyroidism
excess PTH secretion
how communication of endocrine and nervous system differ
nervous system adapts relatively slowly and may respond for days and weeks
the endocrine system reacts more slowly to stimuli often taking seconds to days
the endocrine system stops quickly when stimulus stops
the endocrine system communicates by means of hormones
anterior pituitary differs from posterior pituitary
posterior pituitary secretes gonadotropins
anterior is stimulated by the hypothalamus via hormones that travel through the hypophseal portal system
oxytocin is secreted by anterior
cell bodies in the hypothalamus synthesize hormones that pass down the hypothalamo-hypohysela tract and are stored in the posteior
GH functions
promotes tissue health
inhibits protein synthesis
targets many organs
stimulates milk secretion by the mammary glands
how cells regulate their sensitivity to circulating hormones
receptor-hormone interactions are similar to the enzyme-substrate interactions
receptors chemically change their ligands
a receptor for one hormone will not bind other hormones
receptors do not exhibit enzyme-like specificity and saturation
physical causes of stress include
malnutrition
intense exercise
infection
grief
the _____ secreted a hormone as a response to hypocalcemia
parathyroid gland
the infundibulum is a
progection of the hypothalamus from which pituitary gland hangs
circulating hormones are mostly takes up and degraded by the ____ and _____
liver
kidneys
which hormone does not stimulates the release of another hormone by its target cell
PRL
what is not an endocrine organ
spleen
hormone aka vasopressin
adh
negative feedback inhibition occurs when
TH targets the anterior
which is synthesizes in the rough ER
glucagon
endocrine system characteristics
communicates by means of hormones
released hormones into the bloodstream for general distrubution
sometimes has very general effects
reacts more slowly to stimuli
may continue responding long after stimulus stops
nervous system characteristics
communicated by means of electrical impulses
released neurotransmitters at synapses
usually has relatively local specific effects
reacts quickly stimuli
stops quickly when stimulus stops
