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A&P 2 > Ch. 17 Quiz > Flashcards

Ch. 17 Quiz Flashcards

1
Q

Endocrine description

A

Secretions are distributed through the bloodstream

Secretions serve as a form of cell-to-cell communication.

Secretions belong to three chemical categories:
steroids, monoamines, and peptides.

Glands exhibit a high density of capillaries.

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2
Q

Exocrine description

A

Secretions are released via ducts onto epithelial tissues.

Secretions serve to lubricate mucosal membranes.

Secretions might contain metabolic waste.

Secretions may have antimicrobial properties.

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3
Q

Secretions that are exocrine

A

Sebum

Sweat

Mucus

Bile

Hydrochloric acid

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4
Q

Secretions that are endocrine

A

Prolactin

Erythropoietin

Triiodothyronine

Oxytocin

Testosterone

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5
Q

LH

A

stimulates ovulation

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6
Q

TRH

A

stimulates production of TSH and PRL

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7
Q

ACTH

A

stimulates secretion of anti-stress hormones

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8
Q

PRL

A

stimulates milk synthesis

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9
Q

ADH

A

stimulates water retention

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10
Q

FSH

A

named for the effect on gamete production

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11
Q

ADH

A

name means “against urine”

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12
Q

PTH

A

name means “near thyroid”

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13
Q

TSH

A

named for directly affecting thyroid

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14
Q

T3

A

named for the number of iodine molecules in the hormone

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15
Q

PRL

A

name means “promoting milk production”

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16
Q

GnRH

A

named for causing the release of hormones affecting the gonads

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17
Q

ACTH

A

named for stimulating the cortex of the adrenal gland

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18
Q

LH

A

named for producing the conversion of the follicle into a corpus luteum

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19
Q

CRH

A

named for causing the release of ACTH

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20
Q

adipose tissue

A

insulin stimulates this tissue to convert glucose to triglycerides

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21
Q

bone tissue

A

parathyroid hormone stimulates this tissue to release calcium

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22
Q

skeletal muscle tissue

A

growth hormone stimulates this tissue to hypertrophy in response to mechanical trauma

23
Q

blood tissue

A

erythropoietin stimulates increased production of this tissue

24
Q

cardiac tissue

A

epinephrine stimulates the beta receptors of this tissue producing cAMP production and calcium permeability

25
Q

hyaline cartilage

A

growth hormone stimulates chondroblasts and hyperplasia in this tissue and ossification of matrix

26
Q

pancreatic islets

A

hyperglycemia stimulates these cells to secrete insulin

27
Q

merocrine sweat glands

A

epinephrine binds to muscarinic receptors in this tissue to cause increased secretion of sweat

28
Q

seminiferous tubules

A

FSH stimulates the production of sperm in this tissue

29
Q

prostacyclin

A

inhibiting blood clotting and vasoconstriction

30
Q

thromboxanes

A

stimulates vasoconstriction and clotting

31
Q

prostaglandins

A

relax and/or contract smooth muscle

32
Q

leukotrienes

A

mediate allergic and inflammatory reactions

33
Q

Addison disease

A

hyposecretion of glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids

34
Q

graves disease

A

thyroid hypertrophy and hypersecretion

35
Q

myxedema

A

prolonged adult hypothyroidism

36
Q

pheochromocytoma

A

excess ephinephrine secretion

37
Q

Cushing syndrome

A

excess cortisol secretion

38
Q

hyperparathyroidism

A

excess PTH secretion

39
Q

how communication of endocrine and nervous system differ

A

nervous system adapts relatively slowly and may respond for days and weeks

the endocrine system reacts more slowly to stimuli often taking seconds to days

the endocrine system stops quickly when stimulus stops

the endocrine system communicates by means of hormones

40
Q

anterior pituitary differs from posterior pituitary

A

posterior pituitary secretes gonadotropins

anterior is stimulated by the hypothalamus via hormones that travel through the hypophseal portal system

oxytocin is secreted by anterior

cell bodies in the hypothalamus synthesize hormones that pass down the hypothalamo-hypohysela tract and are stored in the posteior

41
Q

GH functions

A

promotes tissue health

inhibits protein synthesis

targets many organs

stimulates milk secretion by the mammary glands

42
Q

how cells regulate their sensitivity to circulating hormones

A

receptor-hormone interactions are similar to the enzyme-substrate interactions

receptors chemically change their ligands

a receptor for one hormone will not bind other hormones

receptors do not exhibit enzyme-like specificity and saturation

43
Q

physical causes of stress include

A

malnutrition

intense exercise

infection

grief

44
Q

the _____ secreted a hormone as a response to hypocalcemia

A

parathyroid gland

45
Q

the infundibulum is a

A

progection of the hypothalamus from which pituitary gland hangs

46
Q

circulating hormones are mostly takes up and degraded by the ____ and _____

A

liver

kidneys

47
Q

which hormone does not stimulates the release of another hormone by its target cell

A

PRL

48
Q

what is not an endocrine organ

A

spleen

49
Q

hormone aka vasopressin

A

adh

50
Q

negative feedback inhibition occurs when

A

TH targets the anterior

51
Q

which is synthesizes in the rough ER

A

glucagon

52
Q

endocrine system characteristics

A

communicates by means of hormones

released hormones into the bloodstream for general distrubution

sometimes has very general effects

reacts more slowly to stimuli

may continue responding long after stimulus stops

53
Q

nervous system characteristics

A

communicated by means of electrical impulses

released neurotransmitters at synapses

usually has relatively local specific effects

reacts quickly stimuli

stops quickly when stimulus stops

A&P 2 (55 decks)

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