Family&Households: Topic 4- Demography Flashcards
Births
What are the reasons for the decline in birth rate?
- Changes in womens position
- Decline in the infant mortality
- Children are no an economic liability
- Child centredness
Births
What does Harper argue about how changes in womens postion cause a decline in birth rate?
Harper argues the education is the main reaction, changing girls mindset and women now see other opportunities and delay children for their career.
Births
How does a decine in the infant mortality rate cause a decline in birth rate?
If children survive more, parents will have fewer of them.
Births: Declining in the infant mortality rate
Why has IMR fell?
- Better nutrition
- Improved services for mothers and children
- Better knowledge of hygiene, child health, welfare
Births
How has children becoming an econmic liability caused a decline in birth rate?
- Laws ban child labour so children are dependent on parents
- Changing norms has led to children needing/wanting more
- Parents are not having less children
Births
How has child centredness caused a decline in birth rates?
- Children are an important point on many peoples lives
- A shift from ‘quantity’ to ‘quality’
- Parent can spend more on the ONE child
Births
How are the family affected with less babies being born?
- Smaller familes mean women can go to work
- Childhood may be lonelier
- Children wont be an economic burdern
- More beanpole family
- More love, times and emotional support for smaller families
Births
How would society be affected with less babies being born?
- Less workers for the economy
- Fewer public services, class sizes
- Ageing population
- Depencency ratio- fewer young adults
Death
What are the key factors affecting the decline in the death rate?
- Improved nutrition
- Medical improvements
- Smoking and diet
- Public health measures
- Other social changes
Death
What does Mckeown argue how improved nutrition caused a decline in death rate?
He argues that imprved nutrion accounts for half of the reduction in death rates. Better nutrition increased resistance and survival
Death
How does medical improvements cause the decline in death rate?
- Before 1950s medicine has no reduction in deaths from diseases
- After 19502 improved medical knowledge techniques helped reduce death rates
Death
What does Harper argue how smoking and diet causes a decline in the death rate?
- Argues the greatest fall in death rates was due to smoking but is now replaced by obesity
- While obesity has increse they’re kept low due to drug therapies
Death
How does Public health measure cause a decline in death rate?
- In 20th Centery government made laws to improve public health
- Housing has better ventilation
- Pure drinking water
- Clean air acts
Death
What are the other social changes that causes a decline in death rate?
- The decline in dangerous occupations
- Smaller families reduces rate of transmission of infection
- Greater knowledge of illnesses
- Higher income=healthier lifestyles
- Lifestyle changes
Death
Whats the impact of decline in death rates on life expectancy?
- As death rate falls, life expectancy rates increases
- Women in 1900 lived till 50, 2018 liven until 90.2