Education: Topic 2- Class differences in achievement (Internal) Flashcards
What does Becker argue about labeling? Who did he study?
He did an interview of 60 HS teachers
* Found pupils were judged according to how close they fitted the image of the ‘ideal pupil’
Labelling
What does Dunne & Gazeley argue about labelling in secondary schools? What was their study?
- They argued W/C underachieve due to labels and assumptions.
- The did an interview of 9 state schools and found teachers ‘normalised’ W/C to underachieve and were unconcerned
Labelling
What does Rist argue about labelling in primary schools? What was their study?
- He did a study of an American kindergarten
- Found teachers seperated pupils due to background
- Tigers: M/C, most encouraged
- Clowns: W/C, given low-level work
The self-fulfilling prophecy
What do Rosenthal & Jacobson argue about teachers expectations? What was their study?
- Study of primary school
- They did a test to identify pupils that will ‘spurt’ (Was actually an IQ test)
- The ‘spurters’ made significant progress
- Teachers beliefs influenced the results
Streaming
What does Gillborn & Youdell argue about streaming? What was their study?
- Did a study of 2 secondary schools and found that etachers use stereotypes to stream pupils
- W/C & Black pupils are seen to have less ability
Streaming
Who argues about the educational triage?
Gillborn and Youdell
Streaming
What is the educational triage?
Theres 3 categories pupils are put in:
* Those who will pass can be left to get on with it
* Those with potential, will be helped to get C or more
* Hopeless cases, who’re doomed to fail
Pupil subcultures
What does Lacey argue about pupil subcultures?
They argue differentiation and polarisation explains how subcultures develop:
* Differentiation: Teachers categorieses due to ability, or behaviour
* Polarisation: Pupils respond to streaming by moving towards a subculture
Pupil subcultures
What does Ball argue about abolishing streaming? What was his study?
- Study of beachside school
- Streaming abolished led to less pupil subcultures however labelling still occured
Pupil subcultures
What does Woods argue about the variety of pupil responses?
Responses to labelling and streaming:
* Ingratiation: Teachers pet
* Ritualism: Staying out of trouble
* Retreatism: Daydreaming and mucking about
* Rebellion: Rejection from school
What are the criticism of the labelling theory?
- Too deterministic
- Self-refuting prophecy
Pupil class identities
What does Bourdieu argue about habitus?
That habitus is the norms, values, attitudes of a social group
Pupil class identities
What does Archer agure about ‘Nike’ identities?
- Argues ‘nike’ identities helps the W/C to feel valued and have self worth
Pupil class identity
What does Evans argue about class identity and self-exclusion? What was their study?
- Studied 21 W/C girls from SL doing A-levels
- Found they were reluctant to apply to elite uni’s
What are ‘Nike’ identities?
- W/C pupils finding status, self worth and value in branding clothing such as Nike
- But goes against school policy