Education: Topic 3- Ethnic differences in achievement

Question 1

Cultural deprivation

What are the external factors affect ethnic differences in achievement?

Answer 1

• Language
• Attitudes and values
• Family structure and parental support
• Sewell: Fathers, gangs and culture
• Asian families
• White W/C families
• Compensatory education

Question 2

External: Cultrual deptivation

What does Bereiter & Engelmann argue about language?

Answer 2

The language spoken by W/C Black Americans is inadequate for success and ungrammtical

Question 3

External: Cultural deprivation

What does Archer argue about attitude & values?

Answer 3

Found that BAME students identified racism rather than low aspirations as a barrier to achieveing goals

Question 4

External: Cultural deprivation

What does Moynihan argue about family structure?

Answer 4

Black lone families deprive their children due to struggling financially. They also:
* Have less income
* Lack of role model for male achievement

Question 5

External: Cultural

What does Sewell argue about fathers, gangs and culture?

Answer 5

Abscence of fathers results in black boys finding a father figure in gangs.

Question 6

External: Cultural

What does Lupton argue about Asian families?

Answer 6

Adult authority in asian families model schools, making asian pupils respct older people and be submissive

Question 7

External: Cultural

What does McCulloch argue about White W/C families? What was their study?

Answer 7

• He did a survey of 16000 pupils
• Found that ethnic groups aspire to go to uni more than white W/C as they lack parental support

Question 8

External: Material

What does Palmer argue about material deprivation?

Answer 8

• BAME are 2x more likely to be unemployed
• BAME are 3x more likely to be homeless

Question 9

External: Material

What does Wood et al argue about racism in wider society?

Answer 9

• They sent job applications to 1000 companies
• 1/16 Minorities were accepted
• 1/9 white people were accepted

Question 10

What are the internal factors that affect ethnic differences in achievement?

Answer 10

• Labelling and teacher racism
• Pupil identites
• Pupil responses and subcultures

Question 11

Internal: Labelling & teacher racism

What does Gillborn & Youdell argue about black pupils and streaming?

Answer 11

• Teachers focus on those likely to succeed
• Negative stereotypes of black pupils leading them to lower sets

Question 12

Internal: Labelling & teacher racism

What does Gillborn and Youdell argue about black pupils & discipline?

Answer 12

Found teachers were quicker to discipline black pupils more than others

Question 13

Internal: Labelling & teacher racism

What does Wright argue about asian pupils?

Answer 13

Found teachers held ethnocentric views which assumed asians had a poor grasp of English and left them out.

Question 14

Internal: Pupil identities

What did Archer argue about pupil identities?

Answer 14

Argues teachers discourse defines BAME pupils as lacking identity to ideal pupils. There are 3 different types:
* Ideal pupil
* Pathologised pupil
* Demonised pupil

Question 15

Internal: Pupil identities

What did Archer argue about chinese pupils?

Answer 15

Found teachers viewed chinese pupils as successing the ‘wrong’ way, which caused a negative positive stereotype

Question 16

Internal: Pupil responses & subcultures

What does Fuller & Mac an Ghaill argue about rejecting negative labels?

Answer 16

• They looked into black girls in Yr11 comprehensive schools
• Girls usually in high sets but black girls in low sets
• Black girls used anger to prove teachers wrong

Question 17

Internal: Pupil responses & subcultures

What does Sewell argue about variety of boys responses?

Answer 17

There are 4 boy responses:
* Rebels: anti-school
* Conformists: Keen to succeed
* Retreatists: Disconnected from school subcultures
* Innovators: Pro-education but anti-school

Question 18

Internal: Pupil responses & subcultures

What does Mirza argue about the failed strategies to avoid racism?

Answer 18

Found racist teachers discouraged black pupils through their advice. There are 3 types of teachers:
* Colour blind
* Liberal chaunvinicts
* Overt racists

Question 19

Institutional racism

What internal factors affect the ethnic differences in achievement?

Answer 19

• Critical race theory
• Marketisation
• The ethnocentric curriculum
• Assessment
• Access to opportunities
• The ‘new IQism’

Question 20

Internal: Institutional

What does Gillborn argue locked-in inequality?

Answer 20

He sees ethnic inequality as ‘so deep rooted’ that its an inevitable feature of the education system

Question 21

Internal: Institutional

What does Gillborn argue about marketisation & segregation?

Answer 21

Marketistion gives schools more scope to select pupils which is influenced by negative stereotypes

Question 22

Internal: Institutional

What does Ball argue about the ethnocentric curriculum?

Answer 22

National curriculum ignores ethnic diversity, like music, history, languages

Question 23

Internal: Institutional

What does Gillborn argue about access to opportunites?

Answer 23

• It introduced the ‘gifted and talented’ programme
• Stats show white pupils are 8x more likely to be in programmes compared to black Carribeans

Question 24

Internal: Institutional

What does Gillborn argue about assessment?

Answer 24

• ‘Assessment game’ is rigged to validate superior cultures
• Before, black pupils succeeded the baseline test
• Then began failing when it changed to FSP

Question 25

Internal: Institutional

What does Gillborn argue about the new ‘IQism’?

Answer 25

Teachers and policymakers make false assumptions about pupils ability or potential

Question 26

What are the criticism of the cultural deprivation theory?

Answer 26

• Victim blaming
• Material deprivation is more impactful
• Labelling by teachers can be a big reason

Question 27

Internal: Institutional

What are some criticisms of Gillborn?

Answer 27

• Model students like indian, chinese pupils