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Sociology > Education: MIC > Flashcards

Education: MIC Flashcards

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Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are the advantages of lab experiments?

A
  • Can identify cause-and-effect relationships in natural sciences
  • Theoretical: Reliability- The lab experiements are highly reliable, producing same results each time
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2
Q

What are the disadvantages of Lab experiements?

A
  • Practical: Cannot use be used in the past, cannot control variables
  • Ethical: Deception- Lack informed consent, children cannot understand nature of experiement
  • Theoretical: Only a small sample, so hard to generalise
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3
Q

What is the Hawthorne study on lab experiments?

A
  • 5 Volunteers who knew of experiments
  • No altered lighting, heating etc to see volunteer outputs
  • Outputs went up when conditions impoved AND worsened
  • They knew they were studied to altered results
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4
Q

What are the advantages of field experiments?

A
  • Theoretical: Validity- Field experiments are set in real world situations
  • Theoretical: Validity- People are unaware so reactions are genuine
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5
Q

What are the disadvantages of field experiments?

A
  • Ethical: Usually dont gain informed consent
  • Practical: Limited application, anything complex is problematic and hard to measure
  • Theoretical: Less control over variables
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6
Q

What is the Rosenhan’s study on field experiments?

A
  • A pseudopatient experiemt
  • They went to 12 mental hospitals telling patients they’re hearing voices
  • They get diagnosed with schizophrenia
  • Once in hospital they still compain about ‘fake’ voices in their heads
  • They felt ‘schizophrenic’ due to staff treating them like they were
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7
Q

What are the advantages of questionnaire?

A
  • Practical: Quick and cheap
  • Theoretical: Reliable- Researchers can obtain the same results repeatedly, by asking the same questions
  • Ethical: Respondents are not obliged to answer
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8
Q

What are some disadvantages of questionnaires?

A
  • Practical: Most people are unlikely to return a physical questionnaire
  • Theoretical: Lacks validity as respondents can lie about their options to seem more likeable
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9
Q

What is the Connor and Dewson study on questionnaires?

A
  • Posted 4000 questionnaires to students at 14 schools
  • They didnt have to recruit or train anyone
  • It was easy for them to quantify
    *
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10
Q

What are the different types of interviews?

A
  • Strucured
  • Unstructured
  • Semi-structured
  • Group
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11
Q

What are some advantages of structured interviews?

A

Theoretical: Reliable- Can be repeated exactly the same as it was the first time
Practical: Quick and cheap- sticking to certain questions and arent asking follow-up questions

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12
Q

What are some disadvantages of structured questionnaires?

A
  • Theoretical: Validity- Interviewees may misunderstand questions
  • Inflexible- snapshots of one moment, cant ask follow up questions
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13
Q

What is the Young and Willmott study on structured interviews?

A
  • Importance of extended families
  • Wanted to focus on whole of London
  • Provided high generalisability in their research
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14
Q

Why do feminists critic structured interviews?

A

They’re patriachal and gives a disorted piture of womens experience
* Researcher (not female) is in control
* Treats women as isolated individuals
* Difficult for women to express themselves

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15
Q

What are the advantages of unstructured interviews?

A
  • Theoretical: Rapport, sensitivity- allows interviewee to open up
  • Theoretical: Can check understanding
  • Theoretical: Flexible- can find new ideas and hypotheses
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16
Q

What are the disadvnatages of unstructured interviews?

A
  • Practical: Takes longer to conduct
  • Theoretical: Not reliable as interviewer asks different questions to different people
  • Ethical: May be issues with confidentiality or harm if sensitive topic
17
Q

What is the Dobash and Dobash study on unstructured interviews?

A
  • Researched domestic violence w/ police reports and unstructured interviews
  • Creates a safer, comfortable environment
  • Discovers things police didnt know
18
Q

What is the Wright et al study on group interviews?

A
  • Researcg on education experience for Afro-caribbean boys
  • Felt comfortable among friends
  • Gave fuller answers
19
Q

What are some advantages of non-participant observation?

A
  • Ethical: If overtly, people are aware of N-P.O
  • Theoretical: Allows researchers to observe body language
20
Q

What are some disadvantages of non-participant observations?

A
  • Theoretical: Validity- can lead to hawthorne affect
  • Practical: Time consuming and constantly
21
Q

Whats an example of a NPO?

A

OFSTED

22
Q

What are some advantages of participant observations?

A
  • Practical: Access to more suspicious groups can gain rapport
  • Theoretical: Valid- Produces rich qualitative data
23
Q

What are some disadvantages of participant observations?

A
  • Practical: Time consuming. E.g. Whyte took 4 years
  • Theoretical: Representatives- Small samples as time consuming
24
Q

What is the Pearsons study on particpant observation?

A
  • Study of football hooliganism
  • Engaged in violent/ aggressive activity
25
Q

Whats an advantage of overt observation?

A
  • Can make notes
  • Evidence
  • No ethical issues
26
Q

What are some disadvantages of overt observations?

A
  • Time consuming
  • Hawthorne affect
  • Difficult to repeat
  • Not always representavtive
27
Q

What is the Punch study on overt participants?

A
  • Study of police
  • They became over-identitfied
  • He began acting like them, engaging in their activity
28
Q

What are some advantages of covert observations?

A
  • Fit into group
  • High reliablity
  • Detailed
29
Q

What are some disadvantages of covert observations?

A
  • Time consuming
  • Deception
  • Difficult to gain access
  • Difficult to repeat
30
Q

What is the Griffin study on covert participants?

A
  • White man using medication to change skin colour
  • Pass as black
  • To see how white people in the south treated ‘negros’
31
Q

What are the advantages of official statistics?

A
  • Practical: Quick and cheap
  • Theoretical: Representative depending on what it is. E.g. school census 3x a year
32
Q

What are the disadvantages of official statistics?

A
  • Practical: May not have the stats sociologist may need
  • Theoretical: Validity- schools can manipulate statistics/ ‘dark figure’.
33
Q

positivists

What does Durkheim argue about official stats?

A
  • Are valuabel
  • Social facts are true
  • Can develop hypothesises
34
Q

Interpretivist

What does Atkinson argue about official stats?

A
  • Lacks validity
  • Doesnt represent real things
  • Socially constructed
35
Q

What are the advantages of documents?

A
  • Theoretical: representative
  • Theoretical: Validity- can hold insight and emotions
36
Q

What are the disadvantages of documents?

A
  • Ethical: some consent isnt obtained
  • Theoretical: reliability- can be mistkaes
37
Q

What does Gerwitz argue about documents?

A

Studied marketisation and education and found brochures which is a free source- easy to find/use

Sociology (33 decks)

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