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Sociology > Education: MIC > Flashcards

Education: MIC Flashcards

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Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are the advantages of lab experiments?

A
  • Control (T)- Easy to control, can identify cause-and-effect
  • Reliability (T)- Easy to replicate
  • Favoured by positivists
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2
Q

What are the disadvantages of Lab experiements?

A
  • Time consuming & expensive (P)
  • Harm (E)- Can cause distress. E.g. Milgram experiement
  • Validity (T)- lacks, due to not reflection of real life
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3
Q

What is the Milgram obedience lab experiment?

A
  • Divides into teachers and learners
  • The learners were with Milgram, got answers wrong & were punished
  • Test to see how far teachers (particpants) go if ordered to
  • 65% of participants when to max, 450 volts
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4
Q

What are the advantages of field experiments?

A
  • Theoretical (T)- Field experiments are set in real world situations
  • Theoretical (T)- People are unaware so reactions are genuine
  • Interpretivists pefer
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5
Q

What are the disadvantages of field experiments?

A
  • Consent (E): Lack of conset, deception
  • Time consuming (P)- takes long to do
  • Representative (T)- Small scale
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6
Q

What is the Rosenhan’s study on field experiments?

A
  • A pseudopatient experiemt
  • They went to 12 mental hospitals telling patients they’re hearing voices
  • They get diagnosed with schizophrenia
  • Once in hospital they still compain about ‘fake’ voices in their heads
  • They felt ‘schizophrenic’ due to staff treating them like they were
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7
Q

What are the advantages of questionnaire?

A
  • Quick & cheap (P)
  • Reliable (T)- can be repeated
  • Consent (E)- not obligated to do
  • Positvists prefer
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8
Q

What are some disadvantages of questionnaires?

A
  • Representative (P): Low response rate of physical questionnaire
  • Sensitive info (E): Can include sensitive questions
  • Validity (T): Respondents can lie about answer
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9
Q

What is the Connor and Dewson study on questionnaires?

A
  • Posted 4000 questionnaires to students at 14 schools
  • They didnt have to recruit or train anyone
  • It was easy for them to quantify
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10
Q

What are the different types of interviews?

A
  • Strucured
  • Unstructured
  • Semi-structured
  • Group
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11
Q

What are some advantages of structured interviews?

A
  • Reliable (T)- Easy to replicate
  • Quick & Cheap (P)- No follow up questions
  • Prefered by positivists
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12
Q

What are some disadvantages of structured questionnaires?

A
  • Validity (T)- Interviewees may misunderstand questions
  • Inflexible (T)- snapshots of one moment, cant ask follow up questions
  • Cannot get a deeper understanding
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13
Q

What is the Young and Willmott study on structured interviews?

A
  • Importance of extended families
  • Wanted to focus on whole of London
  • Provided high generalisability in their research
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14
Q

Why do feminists critic structured interviews?

A

They’re patriachal and gives a disorted piture of womens experience
* Researcher (not female) is in control
* Treats women as isolated individuals
* Difficult for women to express themselves

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15
Q

What are the advantages of unstructured interviews?

A
  • Rapport (P)- allows interviewee to open up
  • Valid (T)- Uses qualitative data, deeper understanding
  • Flexible (T)- can find new ideas and hypotheses
  • Interpretivists prefer
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16
Q

What are the disadvnatages of unstructured interviews?

A
  • Time consuming (P): Takes longer to conduct
  • Reliability (T): Not reliable as interview varies on each person
  • Sensitive (E): Psychological harm if sensitive topic
17
Q

What is the Dobash and Dobash study on unstructured interviews?

A
  • Researched domestic violence w/ police reports and unstructured interviews
  • Creates a safer, comfortable environment
  • Discovers things police didnt know
18
Q

What are the advantages of group interviews?

A
  • Quick (P)- interview multiple people at once
  • Valid (T)- If with friends can be more honest/ more in depth
  • Interpretivists prefer
19
Q

What are the disadvantages of group interviews?

A
  • Reliabe (T)- Hard to repeat
  • Validity (T)- Can lie or be peer pressured by friends
  • Access (P)- Needs more space
20
Q

What is the Wright et al study on group interviews?

A
  • Research on education experience for Afro-caribbean boys
  • Felt comfortable among friends
  • Gave fuller answers
21
Q

What are some advantages of non-participant observation?

A
  • Consent (E)- If overt, they’re aware of study
  • Valid (T)- in natural setting, reactions may be normal
  • Positivists prefer
22
Q

What are some disadvantages of non-participant observations?

A
  • Valid (T)- if overt, hawthorne affect
  • Time consuming (P)- Long to conduct
  • Deception (E)- if covert
23
Q

Whats an example of a NPO?

A

OFSTED

24
Q

What are some advantages of participant observations?

A
  • Access (P) Access to more suspicious groups can gain rapport
  • Valid (T)- Produces rich qualitative data, in depth
  • Sensitive (E)- Able to observe sensitive topics
  • Interpretivists prefer
25
Q

What are some disadvantages of participant observations?

A
  • Time consuming (P)- Long to do E.g. Whyte took 4 years
  • Representatives (T)- Small samples as time consuming
  • Deception (E)- lying to others to do
26
Q

What is the Pearsons study on particpant observation?

A
  • Study of football hooliganism
  • Engaged in violent/ aggressive activity
27
Q

Whats an advantage of overt observation?

A
  • Deception (E)- least deceptive
  • Access (P)- Can take notes, record convos
  • Interpretivists prefer
28
Q

What are some disadvantages of overt observations?

A
  • Valid (T)- Hawthorne affect
  • Timely & costly (P)
29
Q

What is the Punch study on overt participants?

A
  • Study of police
  • They became over-identitfied
  • He began acting like them, engaging in their activity
  • Positivists prefer
30
Q

What are some advantages of covert observations?

A
  • Valid (T)- Honest reactions, dont know they’re observed
  • Cheap & quick (P)- cheaper/quicker than overt observation
31
Q

What are some disadvantages of covert observations?

A
  • Deception (E)- Dont know they’re observed
  • Access (P)- Hard to get in, take notes, get out
  • Harm (E)- Dangerous for conducter
  • Interpretivists prefer
32
Q

What is the Griffin study on covert participants?

A
  • White man using medication to change skin colour
  • Pass as black
  • To see how white people in the south treated ‘negros’
33
Q

What are the advantages of official statistics?

A
  • Quick and cheap (P)- easy to access and free
  • Representative (T)- Large scale. E.g. school census 3x a year
  • Positivists prefer
34
Q

What are the disadvantages of official statistics?

A
  • Access (P): May not have the stats sociologist may need
  • Validity (T)- Can manipulate statistics/ ‘dark figure’.
35
Q

positivists

What does Durkheim argue about official stats?

A
  • Are valuable
  • Social facts are true
  • Can develop hypothesises
36
Q

Interpretivist

What does Atkinson argue about official stats?

A
  • Lacks validity
  • Doesnt represent real things
  • Socially constructed
37
Q

What are the advantages of documents?

A
  • Ethical (E)- reduces ethical issues
  • Validity (T)- can hold insight and emotions
  • Cost effective (P)- Cheap
  • Interpretivists prefer
38
Q

What are the disadvantages of documents?

A
  • Conset (E): some consent isnt obtained
  • Representative (T)- cannot be generalised
  • Access (P)- May not want to share
39
Q

What does Gerwitz argue about documents?

A

Studied marketisation and education and found brochures which is a free source- easy to find/use

Sociology (40 decks)

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