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Sociology > Education: MIC > Flashcards

Education: MIC Flashcards

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Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are the advantages of lab experiments?

A

Theoretical
* Reliable: Highly repeatable
* Valid: Uses a detached method so no feelings are involved to sway results

Favoured by positivists as it is a scientific approach that can find a cause-and-effect relationship

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2
Q

What are the disadvantages of Lab experiements?

A

Theoretical
* Validity: Can cause a hawthorn affect and reduce validity

Practical
* Cannot be used to study the past
* Hard to identify and control all possible variables
* Time consuming & expensive

Ethical
* Harm: Milgrams participants were sweating, stuttering, having seizures
* Deception: Milgram mislead participants

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3
Q

What is the Milgram obedience lab experiment?

A

Divides into teachers (participants) and learners (Milgrams workers). When the learners got answers wrong they were punished. Test to see how far teachers go if ordered to. 65% of participants when to max, 450 volts. Participants caused harm to themselves.

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4
Q

What are the advantages of field experiments?

A

Theoretical
* Validity: Occurs in normal social settings
* Representative: Is possible in large institutions so can cover a large amount of people

Interpretivists pefer

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5
Q

What are the disadvantages of field experiments?

A

Theoretical
* Cannot control variables: Rosenthal and Jaconson may not know what else may have influenced ‘spurters’ other than teachers expectations

Practical
* Access: Schools may be reluctant to allow researchers in

Ethical
* Lack of consent: Often dont inform participants of experiements so they act naturally

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6
Q

What is the Rosenhan’s study on field experiments?

A

A pseudopatient experiment. They went to 12 mental hospitals telling patients they’re hearing voices, they then get diagnosed with schizophrenia. They continue to compain about ‘fake’ voices in their heads. They felt ‘schizophrenic’ due to staff treating them like they were. The results are valid but we cannot be certain what caused the results.

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7
Q

What are the advantages of questionnaire?

A

Theoretical
* Reliable: Different sociologists can use the same question and get the same results
* Positivism: Detatchment, no interaction necessary

Practical
* Quick and easy: Connor & Dewson researches 4000 students and 14 uni’s in one go
* Easy to draw patterns: Closed questions so can measure and compare schools

Ethical
* Consent: Not obligated to participate

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8
Q

What are some disadvantages of questionnaires?

A
  • Representative (P): Low response rate of physical questionnaire
  • Sensitive info (E): Can include sensitive questions
  • Validity (T): Respondents can lie about answer
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9
Q

What is the Connor and Dewson study on questionnaires?

A
  • Posted 4000 questionnaires to students at 14 schools to see decisions of W/C going to uni
  • They didnt have to recruit or train anyone
  • It was easy for them to quantify
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10
Q

What is Hite’s study of questionnaires?

A
  • Studied ‘love, passion and emotional violence’ in America
  • Sent out 100000
  • 4.5% was returned
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11
Q

What are the different types of interviews?

A
  • Strucured
  • Unstructured
  • Semi-structured
  • Group
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12
Q

What are some advantages of structured interviews?

A
  • Reliable (T)- Easy to replicate
  • Quick & Cheap (P)- No follow up questions
  • Prefered by positivists
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13
Q

What are some disadvantages of structured questionnaires?

A
  • Validity (T)- Interviewees may misunderstand questions
  • Inflexible (T)- snapshots of one moment, cant ask follow up questions
  • Cannot get a deeper understanding
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14
Q

What is the Young and Willmott study on structured interviews?

A
  • Importance of extended families in East London
  • 933 people
  • 54 refused to respond
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15
Q

Why do feminists critic structured interviews?

A

They’re patriachal and gives a disorted piture of womens experience
* Researcher (not female) is in control
* Treats women as isolated individuals
* Difficult for women to express themselves

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16
Q

What are the advantages of unstructured interviews?

A
  • Rapport (P)- allows interviewee to open up
  • Valid (T)- Uses qualitative data, deeper understanding
  • Flexible (T)- can find new ideas and hypotheses
  • Interpretivists prefer
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17
Q

What are the disadvnatages of unstructured interviews?

A
  • Time consuming (P): Takes longer to conduct
  • Reliability (T): Not reliable as interview varies on each person
  • Sensitive (E): Psychological harm if sensitive topic
18
Q

What is the Dobash and Dobash study on unstructured interviews?

A
  • Researched domestic violence w/ police reports and unstructured interviews
  • Creates a safer, comfortable environment
  • Discovers things police didnt know
19
Q

What is the Kitsuse study for semi-structured interviews?

A
  • Asked follow up questions
  • To gain more information
20
Q

What are the advantages of group interviews?

A
  • Quick (P)- interview multiple people at once
  • Valid (T)- If with friends can be more honest/ more in depth
  • Interpretivists prefer
21
Q

What are the disadvantages of group interviews?

A
  • Reliabe (T)- Hard to repeat
  • Validity (T)- Can lie or be peer pressured by friends
  • Access (P)- Needs more space
22
Q

What is the Willis study on group interviews?

A
  • Did a study of ‘lads-counter culture’
  • Interviewed 12 W/C boys
  • Small sample
23
Q

What are some advantages of non-participant observation?

A
  • Consent (E)- If overt, they’re aware of study
  • Valid (T)- in natural setting, reactions may be normal
  • Positivists prefer
24
Q

What are some disadvantages of non-participant observations?

A
  • Valid (T)- if overt, hawthorne affect
  • Time consuming (P)- Long to conduct
  • Deception (E)- if covert
25
Q

Whats an example of a NPO?

A

OFSTED

26
Q

What are some advantages of participant observations?

A
  • Access (P) Access to more suspicious groups can gain rapport
  • Valid (T)- Produces rich qualitative data, in depth
  • Sensitive (E)- Able to observe sensitive topics
  • Interpretivists prefer
27
Q

What are some disadvantages of participant observations?

A
  • Time consuming (P)- Long to do E.g. Whyte took 4 years
  • Representatives (T)- Small samples as time consuming
  • Deception (E)- lying to others to do
28
Q

What is the Pearsons study on particpant observation?

A
  • Study of football hooliganism
  • Engaged in violent/ aggressive activity
29
Q

Whats an advantage of overt observation?

A
  • Deception (E)- least deceptive
  • Access (P)- Can take notes, record convos
  • Interpretivists prefer
30
Q

What are some disadvantages of overt observations?

A
  • Valid (T)- Hawthorne affect
  • Timely & costly (P)
31
Q

What is the Punch study on overt participants?

A
  • Study of police
  • They became over-identitfied
  • He began acting like them, engaging in their activity
  • Police he worked with said they let him see what was needed
  • Positivists prefer
32
Q

What are some advantages of covert observations?

A
  • Valid (T)- Honest reactions, dont know they’re observed
  • Cheap & quick (P)- cheaper/quicker than overt observation
33
Q

What are some disadvantages of covert observations?

A
  • Deception (E)- Dont know they’re observed
  • Access (P)- Hard to get in, take notes, get out
  • Harm (E)- Dangerous for conducter
  • Interpretivists prefer
34
Q

What is the Griffin study on covert participants?

A
  • White man using medication to change skin colour
  • Pass as black
  • To see how white people in the south treated ‘negros’
35
Q

What are the advantages of official statistics?

A
  • Quick and cheap (P)- easy to access and free
  • Representative (T)- Large scale. E.g. school census 3x a year
  • Positivists prefer
36
Q

What are the disadvantages of official statistics?

A
  • Access (P): May not have the stats sociologist may need
  • Validity (T)- Can manipulate statistics/ ‘dark figure’.
37
Q

positivists

What does Durkheim argue about official stats?

A
  • Are valuable
  • Social facts are true
  • Can develop hypothesises
38
Q

Interpretivist

What does Atkinson argue about official stats?

A
  • Lacks validity
  • Doesnt represent real things
  • Socially constructed
39
Q

What are the advantages of documents?

A
  • Ethical (E)- reduces ethical issues
  • Validity (T)- can hold insight and emotions
  • Cost effective (P)- Cheap
  • Interpretivists prefer
40
Q

What are the disadvantages of documents?

A
  • Conset (E): some consent isnt obtained
  • Representative (T)- cannot be generalised
  • Access (P)- May not want to share
41
Q

What does Gerwitz argue about documents?

A

Studied marketisation and education and found brochures which is a free source- easy to find/use

Sociology (40 decks)

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