Education: Topic 6- Education policy and inequality Flashcards

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1
Q

Education policy before 1988

What as education like in Britain before 1988?

A
  • Only went to school if can afford it
  • Industrialisation increased need for education
  • 1880: compulsory for 5-13
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2
Q

Education policy before 1988

Explain the tripartite system.

A
  • Conservative
  • 1944 education act
  • Has 3 schools- Grammar, technical, Modern secondary
  • Girlds needed higher marks to pass 11+
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3
Q

Education policy before 1988

Explain comprehensive schools

A
  • Introduced in 1965
  • Aimed to overcome class divide
  • 11+ demolished
  • Comprehensive scvhools replaced most schools but some modern exist
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4
Q

Education policy before 1988

Explain the marxist view of the role of comprehensives?

A
  • Comprehensive schools are not meritocratic
  • Reproduces class inequality through streaming and labelling
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5
Q

Marketisation

What are the main features of the education act 1988?

A
  • Made schools more competitive
  • Introduced by new right- conservative gov
    Main policies
  • League tables
  • National curriculum
  • Formla funding
  • Opn enrollent
  • OFSTED
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6
Q

Marketisation

What were the 2 points that created an ‘education market’?

A
  • Reducing direct state control
  • Increase school competition and parental choice
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7
Q

Marketisation

What is parentocracy?

A

The idea that parents are in charge of the education system

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8
Q

Marketisation: parentocracy

What policies promoted marketisation?

A
  • Schools having to compete to attract pupils
  • Specialist schools to widen parental choice
  • Introducing tuition fees for higher education
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9
Q

Marketisation: The reproducion of inequality

What does Ball and Whitty criticise marketisation?

A

Policies such as exam league tables and formula funding creates inequaliies between schools

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10
Q

Marketisation: cream-skimming

Explain cream skimming and silt shifting.

A
  • CS- ‘Good’ schools choose high achieveing pupils
  • S- ‘Good’ schools avoid low achieving pupils
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11
Q

Marketisation

Explain formula funding

A

Popular schools get more funds and can afford better qualified teachers and better facilites

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12
Q

Marketisation

Explain the study of parental choice by Gerwitz

A

Study 14 london school. found 3 parent types:
* Privalliged skilled choosers: M/C
* Disconnected-local chooser: W/C
* Semi-skilled chooser: W/C who are ambitious but lack cultural capital

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13
Q

A03

Explain the myth of parentocracy

A
  • Reproduces inequalities and legitmaises it by justifying it
  • Parentocracy makes it appear that all parents have the freedon to choose but W/C parents dont
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14
Q

Conservative government influence

Explain acadamies?

A

From 2010 all schools were encourged to become acadamies. By 2021-78% schools became academies
They can decide:
* Curriculum
* Term dates
* School hours
* Budget

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15
Q

Conservative government influence

Explain free schools

A

Free schools claim to improve educational standards but only benefits M/C. Parents have control of free schools
They can:
* Set own pay
* Change school length
* Dont follow national curriculum

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16
Q

What are some policies to reduce inequality?

A
  • Pupil premium: money for disadvantages pupils
  • Free school meals: Food for those with disadvantages backgrounds
17
Q

Privatisation

What is the privatisation of education?

A

The transefer of public assets such as sdchools to private companies. Education becoming a source of profit for capitalists which is called the ESI (education services industry)

18
Q

Privatisation

What is involved in companies in the ESI?

A
  • Building schools
  • Providing supply teachers
  • work based learning
  • Ofsted inspections
19
Q

Privatisation

What does Pollack argue about blurring the public/private boundary?

A
  • Seniors in public sector leave to work for private sector educations. These businesses bid contracts so seniors provide services to schools.
  • Pollack says this allows companies to buy ‘insider knowledge’ to help win contracts.