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Sociology > Education: Topic 4- Gender differences in education > Flashcards

Education: Topic 4- Gender differences in education Flashcards

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Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are the external and gender differences in achievement?

A
  • Impact of feminism
  • Changes in the family
  • Changes in womens employement
  • Girls changing ambitions
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2
Q

External factors & gender differences in achievement

What does McRobbie argue about the impact of feminism?

A
  • Since 1960s, the feminine movements challenged traditional stereotypes
  • McRobbie did a study of girls and found the1970s emphasised getting married but now its independent women
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3
Q

External factors & gender differences in achievement

Explain the changes in the family

A

Changes since 1970s:
* Increase in divorce rates
* Increase in lone-parent families

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4
Q

External factors & gender differences in achievement

Explain the changes in womens employment.

A

1970s equal pay act makes it illegal for women to be paid less than men

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5
Q

External factors & gender differences in achievement

What does Sharpe argue about girls changing ambitions?

A

Sharpe interviewed with girls in 1970s and 1990s showing a mojor shift
* 1970s: Mothers, marriage
* 1990s: Ambitions, work

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6
Q

External factors & gender differences in achievement

What does Reay argue about W/C girls ambitions?

A

Reay argues trad life reflects reality of W/C girls. This limits aspirations reflects limited job opportunity

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7
Q

What are the internal factors and gender difference in achievement?

A
  • Equal opportunites policies
  • Positive role models
  • GCSE and coursework
  • Teacher attention
  • Challenging stereotypes in the curriculum
  • Selection and league tables
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8
Q

Internal factors & gender differences in achievement

What does Boaler argue about equal opportunites policies?

A

Boaler sees the opportunity policies as a key reason for change. E.g. GIST, WISE

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9
Q

Internal factors & gender differences in achievement

What does Mitsos and Browne argue about GCSE and coursework?

A

They say girls spend more time one work, meet deadlines when doing coursework

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10
Q

Internal factors & gender differences in achievement

How does positive role models in schools affect gender difference in achievement?

A

An increase amount of female teachers and heads which provides a role model

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11
Q

Internal factors & gender differences in achievement

What does Weiner argue about challenging stereotypes in the curriculum?

A

Argues that since the 80s teachers have challenged stereotypes in learning materials

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12
Q

Internal factors & gender differences in achievement

What does Swann argue about teacher attention?

A

Swann found girls are better at listening and cooperating which is attractive to teachers

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13
Q

Internal factors & gender differences in achievement

What does Lee argue about selection and league tables?

A

Boys are less attractive to schools because they’re more likely to be excluded

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14
Q

Internal factors & gender differences in achievement

What are the liberal feminists view on girls achievement?

A

They celebrate progress and further profress is going to come

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15
Q

Internal factors & gender differences in achievement

What are radical feminists view of girls achievement?

A

They take a critical view and says the system is still patriachal. E.g. sexual harrassment

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16
Q

Identity class and differences in girls achievement

How does hyper-herterosexual feminine identities affect girls achievement?

A

Girls who invest time/money into appearance. E.g. £40 spent on appearance. This brings conflict w/ schools and are punished.

17
Q

Identity class and differences in girls achievement

How does being loud affect girls achievement?

A

W/C are outspoken and assertive, therefore questioned by teachers and get punished for attitude/disrupting class

18
Q

Identity class and differences in girls achievement

How does boyfriends affect girls achievement?

A

They get boyfriend and lose interest in university and settle down young to have kids

19
Q

Identity class and differences in girls achievement

What does Archer argue about W/C girls dilemma affecting girls achievement?

A

They gain educational capital by rejecting W/C identity which Archer argues W/C identity conflicts with educatoinal success and they pick W/C identity

20
Q

What are the factors of boys and achievement?

A
  • Boys and literacy
  • Globalisation and the decline of traditional mens jobs
  • Feminisation of education
  • Shortage primary school teachers
21
Q

Boys achievement

How does boys and literacy affect achievement? (external)

A

Reading is seen ad a feminine activity therefore boys have poor literacy and language skills

22
Q

Boys achievement

What does Mitsos and Browne argue about globalisation and decline of traditional mens jobs? (external)

A

Manufactures have relocated to developing countires causing manual job sectors to collaps
* Mitosis and browne claim this has led to an indentity crisis

23
Q

Boys achievement

What does Sewell argue about the feminisation of education? (Internal)

A
  • Schools dont nurture masculine traits
  • Sewell argeus eduacction has become more feminised. E.g. coursework
24
Q

Boys achievement

How does shortage of male primary school teachers affect boys achievement? (internal)

A

Boys lack role models in the education system. E.g. 14% of primary teachers are male

25
Q

Boys achievement

What does Francis argue about laddish subcultures? (internal)

A

Francis argues boys are concerned about feminine labels, they do manual work because its seen to be masculine

26
Q

What are the factors that affect the gender differences in subject choices?

A
  • Gender role socialisation
  • Gendered subject images
  • Gendered identity and peer pressure
  • Gendered career opportunities
27
Q

Gender and subject choice

What does Norman argue about gender role socialisation?

A

Boys and girls are socialised differently. E.g. dressed differently, have different toys

28
Q

Gender and subject choice

What does Kelly argue about gendered subject images?

A

Subjects are seen as either boys or girs
* Kelly argues science is sees as a boys subject
AO3: Single sex schools

29
Q

Gender and subject choice

What does Paechter argue about gendered identity and peer pressure?

A

Girls and boys can be influenced by peer pressure
* Paechter found people saw sports as manly, girls were called lesbians

30
Q

Gender and subject choice

How does gendered career opportunites affectc gender difference in subject choice?

A

Employment is gendered. Women as housewives, nannies. Men as lawyers, doctors

31
Q

Gender and subject choice

What does Fuller argue about gender, vocational choice and class?

A

Found W/C jobs like nannies were overwhelmingly the norm for girls. With schools steering them into it. E.g. Health and social care predominately girls

32
Q

What are the factors of pupils sexual and gender identities?

A
  • Double standards
  • Verbal abuse
  • The male gaze
  • Male peer groups
  • Female peer groups
  • Teacher and discipline
33
Q

Pupils sexual and gender identitites

What does Lee argue about double standards?

A

When girls are sexual they’re seen as ‘slags’ but boys are prasied from the same thing. Giving girls negative labels but boys status

34
Q

Pupils sexual and gender identitites

What does Connell argue about verbal abuse?

A

He says verbal abuse reinforces dominant gender and sexual identities

35
Q

Pupils sexual and gender identitites

What does Mac and Ghaill argue about the male gaze?

A

Girls are seens as sexual objects and their appearance is judged. This is how boys prove their masculinity

36
Q

Pupils sexual and gender identitites

What does Epstein and Willis argue about male peer groups?

A
  • Male peer groups reinforces masculinity
  • Shows boys in anti-school subculture label boys who want to do well as gay
37
Q

Pupils sexual and gender identitites

What does Ringrose argue about female peer groups?

A
  • Small scale study of 13-14 W/C peer groups
  • Being popular was crucial and girls had to pick between idealized feminine identity (being loyal) or sexualised identity (boys)
38
Q

Pupils sexual and gender identitites

What does Mac and Ghaill argue about discipline?

A
  • Found male teachers told boys off for acting like girls
  • Teachers ignore boys verbal abuse and blame the girls instead

Sociology (40 decks)

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