Exam 5 vocabulary Flashcards
Abnormal numbers of chromosomes that could result in downs syndrome or turners syndrome is also known as this
Aneuploidy
What is Allele?
half of a gene pair that contain matching loci on homologous chromosomes
A very serious condition that usually results in death due to having 3 or more sets of chromosomes is known as this
Polyploidy
A change in one or more nucleotides that make up a particular gene causes this kind of mutation (one of which is point mutation)
Gene
What is genotype?
The specific alleles present in individual chromosomes
What are pheromones
Signaling molecules released outside the body that have an effect upon the same species
A mixed allele is known as this kind of dominance
Heterozygous
Instead of Thymine, RNA has the base?
Uracil
After meiosis in the female, the result is an ovum and 3 _____ bodies
Polar
Family histories of traits can be followed using a what?
Pedigree
What is a gene?
It contains a unit of information about a specific trait
This kind of hormone is made from cholesterol and can readily diffuse across the cell membrane
Steroid
Nucleic acids are made up of what
Nucleotides
Which hormone from the posterior pituitary stimulates and sustains milk production
Prolactin
DNA synthesis (S-phase) occurs during which stage of mitosis?
Interphase
In eukaryotes, intact double helix of DNA with many associated proteins are known as these
Chromosomes
DNA is made up of inorganic phosphate, 1 of 4 nitrogenous bases, and ______ sugar
Deoxyribose
When a chromosome segment separates from a chromosome and then reinserts into the same place but in reverse orientation, this mutation occurs
Inversion
Mixing one set of alleles is known as
Monohybrid
Gamets after meiosis contain this many chromosomes
Haploid
The loss of a chromosome region, one or more genes may be totally lost causes this chromosomal mutation
Deletion
Who is Gregor Mendel?
An austrian monk who became known as the father of genetics
After meiosis in a male, the 4 gametes are known as this
Spermatids
When sequences on a chromosome become repeated several to many times, this chromosomal mutation may occur
Duplication
The observable physical expression of the specific alleles present in individual chromosomes is known as this
Phenotype
These factors affect the rate at which certain cells divide
Growth
The number of metaphase chromosomes in somatic cells and their defining characteristics is known as this
Karyotype
What is protenaceous?
A kind of hormone that is made from amino acids and must use secondary messengers within a cell to cause an effect
Parathyroid hormone raises the blood level of what
Calcium
Mixing three sets of alleles is known as
Trihybrid
Cytokinesis occurs during
Telophase
Type of signaling molecules released by many cells that affect the immediate area
Local
What are neurotransmitter
Signaling molecules that have an immediate effect upon the adjacent cell
This lobe of the pituitary is predominantly nervous tissue extensions of the hypothalamus
Posterior
What is semiconservative replication?
DNA replication
DNA becomes visible and the nuclear envelope disintegrates during
Prophase
Testosterone, estrogen, and _______ originate from the gonads
Progesterone
With mitosis and meiosis, which is able to replicate again after finishing their respective cycles
Mitosis
When a chromosome region is transferred to a nonhomologous chromosome, this mutation occurs
Translocation
Blood typing is a result of three alleles called a _______ allele system
Multiple
If an allele is known to have an either or effect (either it has the trait or it doesn’t), can be known as this kind of dominance
Complete
Type of interaction when certain target cells must be “primed” by one hormone in order to be effected by another hormone
Permissive
A nucleosome is made up of DNA tightly wrapped around a protein spool called a
Histone
What are hormones
Signaling molecules that are secreted into the bloodstream to affect distant targets
When a mixed allele results in a different physical trait then what either two dominant (or two recessive) alleles could do is known as this kind of dominance
Incomplete
All 46 chromosomes line up at the cell equator during?
Metaphase
Posterior pituitary releases ADH and ?
Oxytocin
A duplicated eukaryotic chromosome, one of two intact DNA double helix and its associated proteins are known as
Chromatids
Cytosine always bonds with
Guanine
This kind of RNA is where the proteins are assembled
Ribosomal
The “master endocrine gland” is actually controlled by the
Hypothalamus
In somatic cells, they have this designation for the number of chromosomes
Diploid
During this phase of mitosis, the centromeres holding the sister chromatids split
Anaphase
Thyroxine and calcitonin are released from the
Thyroid
The word hormone comes from the Greek word meaning?
Set in motion
Which gland could be called the “master gland” because of the extent of its effect on the body?
Pituitary
Oxytocin has specific effects on the?
Uterine wall
Which gland secretes sex hormones
Testis
DNA replicates via
Semiconservative replication
In mitosis, if a parent cell has 32 chromosomes, each daughter cell will have how many chromosomes?
32
Which organism did mendel use to work out the laws of segregation and independent assortment
The garden pea plant
Chromosomes other than those involved in sex determination are known as
Autosomes
