Exam 5 vocabulary

Question 1

Abnormal numbers of chromosomes that could result in downs syndrome or turners syndrome is also known as this

Answer 1

Aneuploidy

Question 2

What is Allele?

Answer 2

half of a gene pair that contain matching loci on homologous chromosomes

Question 3

A very serious condition that usually results in death due to having 3 or more sets of chromosomes is known as this

Answer 3

Polyploidy

Question 4

A change in one or more nucleotides that make up a particular gene causes this kind of mutation (one of which is point mutation)

Answer 4

Gene

Question 5

What is genotype?

Answer 5

The specific alleles present in individual chromosomes

Question 6

What are pheromones

Answer 6

Signaling molecules released outside the body that have an effect upon the same species

Question 7

A mixed allele is known as this kind of dominance

Answer 7

Heterozygous

Question 8

Instead of Thymine, RNA has the base?

Answer 8

Uracil

Question 9

After meiosis in the female, the result is an ovum and 3 _____ bodies

Answer 9

Polar

Question 10

Family histories of traits can be followed using a what?

Answer 10

Pedigree

Question 11

What is a gene?

Answer 11

It contains a unit of information about a specific trait

Question 12

This kind of hormone is made from cholesterol and can readily diffuse across the cell membrane

Answer 12

Steroid

Question 13

Nucleic acids are made up of what

Answer 13

Nucleotides

Question 14

Which hormone from the posterior pituitary stimulates and sustains milk production

Answer 14

Prolactin

Question 15

DNA synthesis (S-phase) occurs during which stage of mitosis?

Answer 15

Interphase

Question 16

In eukaryotes, intact double helix of DNA with many associated proteins are known as these

Answer 16

Chromosomes

Question 17

DNA is made up of inorganic phosphate, 1 of 4 nitrogenous bases, and ______ sugar

Answer 17

Deoxyribose

Question 18

When a chromosome segment separates from a chromosome and then reinserts into the same place but in reverse orientation, this mutation occurs

Answer 18

Inversion

Question 19

Mixing one set of alleles is known as

Answer 19

Monohybrid

Question 20

Gamets after meiosis contain this many chromosomes

Answer 20

Haploid

Question 21

The loss of a chromosome region, one or more genes may be totally lost causes this chromosomal mutation

Answer 21

Deletion

Question 22

Who is Gregor Mendel?

Answer 22

An austrian monk who became known as the father of genetics

Question 23

After meiosis in a male, the 4 gametes are known as this

Answer 23

Spermatids

Question 24

When sequences on a chromosome become repeated several to many times, this chromosomal mutation may occur

Answer 24

Duplication

Question 25

The observable physical expression of the specific alleles present in individual chromosomes is known as this

Answer 25

Phenotype

Question 26

These factors affect the rate at which certain cells divide

Answer 26

Growth

Question 27

The number of metaphase chromosomes in somatic cells and their defining characteristics is known as this

Answer 27

Karyotype

Question 28

What is protenaceous?

Answer 28

A kind of hormone that is made from amino acids and must use secondary messengers within a cell to cause an effect

Question 29

Parathyroid hormone raises the blood level of what

Answer 29

Calcium

Question 30

Mixing three sets of alleles is known as

Answer 30

Trihybrid

Question 31

Cytokinesis occurs during

Answer 31

Telophase

Question 32

Type of signaling molecules released by many cells that affect the immediate area

Answer 32

Local

Question 33

What are neurotransmitter

Answer 33

Signaling molecules that have an immediate effect upon the adjacent cell

Question 34

This lobe of the pituitary is predominantly nervous tissue extensions of the hypothalamus

Answer 34

Posterior

Question 35

What is semiconservative replication?

Answer 35

DNA replication

Question 36

DNA becomes visible and the nuclear envelope disintegrates during

Answer 36

Prophase

Question 37

Testosterone, estrogen, and _______ originate from the gonads

Answer 37

Progesterone

Question 38

With mitosis and meiosis, which is able to replicate again after finishing their respective cycles

Answer 38

Mitosis

Question 39

When a chromosome region is transferred to a nonhomologous chromosome, this mutation occurs

Answer 39

Translocation

Question 40

Blood typing is a result of three alleles called a _______ allele system

Answer 40

Multiple

Question 41

If an allele is known to have an either or effect (either it has the trait or it doesn't), can be known as this kind of dominance

Answer 41

Complete

Question 42

Type of interaction when certain target cells must be "primed" by one hormone in order to be effected by another hormone

Answer 42

Permissive

Question 43

A nucleosome is made up of DNA tightly wrapped around a protein spool called a

Answer 43

Histone

Question 44

What are hormones

Answer 44

Signaling molecules that are secreted into the bloodstream to affect distant targets

Question 45

When a mixed allele results in a different physical trait then what either two dominant (or two recessive) alleles could do is known as this kind of dominance

Answer 45

Incomplete

Question 46

All 46 chromosomes line up at the cell equator during?

Answer 46

Metaphase

Question 47

Posterior pituitary releases ADH and ?

Answer 47

Oxytocin

Question 48

A duplicated eukaryotic chromosome, one of two intact DNA double helix and its associated proteins are known as

Answer 48

Chromatids

Question 49

Cytosine always bonds with

Answer 49

Guanine

Question 50

This kind of RNA is where the proteins are assembled

Answer 50

Ribosomal

Question 51

The "master endocrine gland" is actually controlled by the

Answer 51

Hypothalamus

Question 52

In somatic cells, they have this designation for the number of chromosomes

Answer 52

Diploid

Question 53

During this phase of mitosis, the centromeres holding the sister chromatids split

Answer 53

Anaphase

Question 54

Thyroxine and calcitonin are released from the

Answer 54

Thyroid

Question 55

The word hormone comes from the Greek word meaning?

Answer 55

Set in motion

Question 56

Which gland could be called the "master gland" because of the extent of its effect on the body?

Answer 56

Pituitary

Question 57

Oxytocin has specific effects on the?

Answer 57

Uterine wall

Question 58

Which gland secretes sex hormones

Answer 58

Testis

Question 59

DNA replicates via

Answer 59

Semiconservative replication

Question 60

In mitosis, if a parent cell has 32 chromosomes, each daughter cell will have how many chromosomes?

Answer 60

32

Question 61

Which organism did mendel use to work out the laws of segregation and independent assortment

Answer 61

The garden pea plant

Question 62

Chromosomes other than those involved in sex determination are known as

Answer 62

Autosomes