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Human Biology > Exam 5 vocabulary > Flashcards

Exam 5 vocabulary Flashcards

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1
Q

Abnormal numbers of chromosomes that could result in downs syndrome or turners syndrome is also known as this

A

Aneuploidy

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2
Q

What is Allele?

A

half of a gene pair that contain matching loci on homologous chromosomes

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3
Q

A very serious condition that usually results in death due to having 3 or more sets of chromosomes is known as this

A

Polyploidy

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4
Q

A change in one or more nucleotides that make up a particular gene causes this kind of mutation (one of which is point mutation)

A

Gene

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5
Q

What is genotype?

A

The specific alleles present in individual chromosomes

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6
Q

What are pheromones

A

Signaling molecules released outside the body that have an effect upon the same species

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7
Q

A mixed allele is known as this kind of dominance

A

Heterozygous

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8
Q

Instead of Thymine, RNA has the base?

A

Uracil

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9
Q

After meiosis in the female, the result is an ovum and 3 _____ bodies

A

Polar

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10
Q

Family histories of traits can be followed using a what?

A

Pedigree

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11
Q

What is a gene?

A

It contains a unit of information about a specific trait

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12
Q

This kind of hormone is made from cholesterol and can readily diffuse across the cell membrane

A

Steroid

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13
Q

Nucleic acids are made up of what

A

Nucleotides

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14
Q

Which hormone from the posterior pituitary stimulates and sustains milk production

A

Prolactin

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15
Q

DNA synthesis (S-phase) occurs during which stage of mitosis?

A

Interphase

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16
Q

In eukaryotes, intact double helix of DNA with many associated proteins are known as these

A

Chromosomes

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17
Q

DNA is made up of inorganic phosphate, 1 of 4 nitrogenous bases, and ______ sugar

A

Deoxyribose

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18
Q

When a chromosome segment separates from a chromosome and then reinserts into the same place but in reverse orientation, this mutation occurs

A

Inversion

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19
Q

Mixing one set of alleles is known as

A

Monohybrid

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20
Q

Gamets after meiosis contain this many chromosomes

A

Haploid

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21
Q

The loss of a chromosome region, one or more genes may be totally lost causes this chromosomal mutation

A

Deletion

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22
Q

Who is Gregor Mendel?

A

An austrian monk who became known as the father of genetics

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23
Q

After meiosis in a male, the 4 gametes are known as this

A

Spermatids

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24
Q

When sequences on a chromosome become repeated several to many times, this chromosomal mutation may occur

A

Duplication

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25
Q

The observable physical expression of the specific alleles present in individual chromosomes is known as this

A

Phenotype

26
Q

These factors affect the rate at which certain cells divide

A

Growth

27
Q

The number of metaphase chromosomes in somatic cells and their defining characteristics is known as this

A

Karyotype

28
Q

What is protenaceous?

A

A kind of hormone that is made from amino acids and must use secondary messengers within a cell to cause an effect

29
Q

Parathyroid hormone raises the blood level of what

A

Calcium

30
Q

Mixing three sets of alleles is known as

A

Trihybrid

31
Q

Cytokinesis occurs during

A

Telophase

32
Q

Type of signaling molecules released by many cells that affect the immediate area

A

Local

33
Q

What are neurotransmitter

A

Signaling molecules that have an immediate effect upon the adjacent cell

34
Q

This lobe of the pituitary is predominantly nervous tissue extensions of the hypothalamus

A

Posterior

35
Q

What is semiconservative replication?

A

DNA replication

36
Q

DNA becomes visible and the nuclear envelope disintegrates during

A

Prophase

37
Q

Testosterone, estrogen, and _______ originate from the gonads

A

Progesterone

38
Q

With mitosis and meiosis, which is able to replicate again after finishing their respective cycles

A

Mitosis

39
Q

When a chromosome region is transferred to a nonhomologous chromosome, this mutation occurs

A

Translocation

40
Q

Blood typing is a result of three alleles called a _______ allele system

A

Multiple

41
Q

If an allele is known to have an either or effect (either it has the trait or it doesn’t), can be known as this kind of dominance

A

Complete

42
Q

Type of interaction when certain target cells must be “primed” by one hormone in order to be effected by another hormone

A

Permissive

43
Q

A nucleosome is made up of DNA tightly wrapped around a protein spool called a

A

Histone

44
Q

What are hormones

A

Signaling molecules that are secreted into the bloodstream to affect distant targets

45
Q

When a mixed allele results in a different physical trait then what either two dominant (or two recessive) alleles could do is known as this kind of dominance

A

Incomplete

46
Q

All 46 chromosomes line up at the cell equator during?

A

Metaphase

47
Q

Posterior pituitary releases ADH and ?

A

Oxytocin

48
Q

A duplicated eukaryotic chromosome, one of two intact DNA double helix and its associated proteins are known as

A

Chromatids

49
Q

Cytosine always bonds with

A

Guanine

50
Q

This kind of RNA is where the proteins are assembled

A

Ribosomal

51
Q

The “master endocrine gland” is actually controlled by the

A

Hypothalamus

52
Q

In somatic cells, they have this designation for the number of chromosomes

A

Diploid

53
Q

During this phase of mitosis, the centromeres holding the sister chromatids split

A

Anaphase

54
Q

Thyroxine and calcitonin are released from the

A

Thyroid

55
Q

The word hormone comes from the Greek word meaning?

A

Set in motion

56
Q

Which gland could be called the “master gland” because of the extent of its effect on the body?

A

Pituitary

57
Q

Oxytocin has specific effects on the?

A

Uterine wall

58
Q

Which gland secretes sex hormones

A

Testis

59
Q

DNA replicates via

A

Semiconservative replication

60
Q

In mitosis, if a parent cell has 32 chromosomes, each daughter cell will have how many chromosomes?

A

32

61
Q

Which organism did mendel use to work out the laws of segregation and independent assortment

A

The garden pea plant

62
Q

Chromosomes other than those involved in sex determination are known as

A

Autosomes

Human Biology (42 decks)

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