Chapter 2 course packet Flashcards
Hierarchy of biological organization
Cells <> Organelles <> Macromolecules <> Organic compounds (molecules) <> Elements (atoms) <> Subatomic particles
What are subatomic particles and atoms
Protons (+), neutrons (0) in the atoms nucleus, electrons (-) in orbital shells
How are the protons, neutrons, and electrons arranged in the atoms orbital shells
“2-8-8”
What is CHON
C-carbon
H-hydrogen
O-oxygen
N-nitrogen
What are isotopes
Atom that has more or less neutrons than normal
What makes an atom radioactive?
If it is unstable
What are combinations of atoms (e.g., O2)
Molecules (when there is multiple of the same element)
What is a compound?
If an atom has more than one type of element
What charge are electrons?
Negative
Define ionic bond
Electron transfer. One atom will take a electron (permanent transfer). Middle strength
Define covalent bond
Electron sharing. The strongest bond
Define Hydrogen bond
Weak bond between polar molecules. Weakest bond individually, but a lot are tough to break
No charge equals
Non-polar
Slight charge equals
Polar
What is water loving
Hydrophilic
What is water fearing
Hydrophobic
What do buffers do?
Allows us to resist any modification of the pH balance if there is an imbalance of one or the other it will be acidic
What are organic compounds
Compounds that include covalent bonds to Carbon and the carbohydrates, lipids, protein, nucleic acids
Monosaccharieds equals
One
Oligosaccharides equal
Few
Polysaccharides equals
Many
Carbohydrates are for
Quick short term energy source
What are the building blocks of carbohydrates
Mono-, Oligo-, and polysaccharides
Lipids are used for
Long term storage. Critical in how they function
