Chapter 2 course packet

Question 1

Hierarchy of biological organization

Answer 1

Cells <> Organelles <> Macromolecules <> Organic compounds (molecules) <> Elements (atoms) <> Subatomic particles

Question 2

What are subatomic particles and atoms

Answer 2

Protons (+), neutrons (0) in the atoms nucleus, electrons (-) in orbital shells

Question 3

How are the protons, neutrons, and electrons arranged in the atoms orbital shells

Answer 3

“2-8-8”

Question 4

What is CHON

Answer 4

C-carbon
H-hydrogen
O-oxygen
N-nitrogen

Question 5

What are isotopes

Answer 5

Atom that has more or less neutrons than normal

Question 6

What makes an atom radioactive?

Answer 6

If it is unstable

Question 7

What are combinations of atoms (e.g., O2)

Answer 7

Molecules (when there is multiple of the same element)

Question 8

What is a compound?

Answer 8

If an atom has more than one type of element

Question 9

What charge are electrons?

Answer 9

Negative

Question 10

Define ionic bond

Answer 10

Electron transfer. One atom will take a electron (permanent transfer). Middle strength

Question 11

Define covalent bond

Answer 11

Electron sharing. The strongest bond

Question 12

Define Hydrogen bond

Answer 12

Weak bond between polar molecules. Weakest bond individually, but a lot are tough to break

Question 13

No charge equals

Answer 13

Non-polar

Question 14

Slight charge equals

Answer 14

Polar

Question 15

What is water loving

Answer 15

Hydrophilic

Question 16

What is water fearing

Answer 16

Hydrophobic

Question 17

What do buffers do?

Answer 17

Allows us to resist any modification of the pH balance if there is an imbalance of one or the other it will be acidic

Question 18

What are organic compounds

Answer 18

Compounds that include covalent bonds to Carbon and the carbohydrates, lipids, protein, nucleic acids

Question 19

Monosaccharieds equals

Answer 19

One

Question 20

Oligosaccharides equal

Answer 20

Few

Question 21

Polysaccharides equals

Answer 21

Many

Question 22

Carbohydrates are for

Answer 22

Quick short term energy source

Question 23

What are the building blocks of carbohydrates

Answer 23

Mono-, Oligo-, and polysaccharides

Question 24

Lipids are used for

Answer 24

Long term storage. Critical in how they function

Question 25

What are the building blocks for lipids

Answer 25

Fatty acids, sterols. Can be saturated or unsaturated

Question 26

Every type of protein has

Answer 26

(enzymes) a unique structure

Question 27

Building blocks of proteins are

Answer 27

Amino acids, polypeptides

Question 28

How many different kinds of amino acids are there

Answer 28

20

Question 29

Nucleic acids are

Answer 29

DNA

Question 30

Building blocks of nucleic acids

Answer 30

Nucleotides