Chapter 7.6 Hypersensitive Reactions

Question 1

Define Allergies

Answer 1

Immune responses to normally harmless substances, found in 8-10% (1 in every 5) Americans. They are hypersensitivities to substances that ordinarily would do no harm to the body.

Question 2

What is an immediate allergic response?

Answer 2

It can occur within seconds of contact with the antigen. This response is caused by antibodies known as IgE.

Question 3

Describe asthma

Answer 3

Allergic reaction that results in airway obstruction.

Question 4

Describe anaphylactic shock

Answer 4

Most severe type of allergic reaction; it can be lethal. It is a sudden life threatening drop in blood pressure due to increased permeability of the capillaries by histamine.

Question 5

Describe delayed allergic response

Answer 5

It is initiated by memory T cells at the site of the allergen contact in the body.

Question 6

Describe xenotransplantation

Answer 6

Transplanting animal (or lab made) organs into humans

Question 7

Define autoimmune disorders

Answer 7

The powerful weapons of the immune system become unleased against normal body cells and proteins

Question 8

Define rhuematoid arthritis

Answer 8

Macrophages, T and B cells target the synovial membranes of synovial joints. Genetic predisposition, possible role of pathogens

Question 9

Define systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Answer 9

Development of antibodies in one owns DNA, can include arthritic component but can also affect many other systems

Question 10

Define Deficient immune disorders

Answer 10

Conditions that lead to a drop in immune response

Question 11

Define poorly controlled diabetes

Answer 11

Due to damage to small blood vessels, interfering with the delivery of blood components, will generally show poor resistance to infections

Question 12

Define Lymphoma

Answer 12

Any cancers of lymphocytes; functions are greatly impaired or destroyed

Question 13

AIDS

Answer 13

Acquired immune deficiency syndrom-from HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) which attacks macrophages and helper T cells, patients usually eventually expire from opportunistic infections or rare forms of cancer

Question 14

What are the infectious diseases that can overcome our defenses?

Answer 14

Virulence:refers to the relative ability of a pathogen to cause serious disease,

Question 15

What are the patterns of occurrence?

Answer 15

1. Sporadic: irregular and limited outbreaks
2. Endemic: more or less continuous
3. Epidemic: outbreak that surpasses the predicted rate
4. Pandemic: when epidemics break out in several regions around the world in a given time span

Question 16

Define antibiotics and antibiotic resistance

Answer 16

Antibiotics only kill certain bacteria, not viruses and antibiotics can kill friendly indigenous bacteria.

Question 17

What is the resurgence of TB: Mycobacterium Tuberculosis

Answer 17

Has historically been a worldwide public health concern, In the U.S. the occurrence of new TB cases steadily decreased during the 20th century, however, since 1985, TB is making a comeback in the U.S. due to mainly new drug resistant TB scans.