Chapter 15 textbook notes Flashcards
These two systems work together to regulate the activities of the other systems
The nervous system & the endocrine system
The endocrine system is largely composed of
Glands
The endocrine glands secrete what
Hormones
The endocrine system is organized for what type of response
A slow but prolonged response
Endocrine glands can be contrasted with
Exocrine glands
Can all cells respond to hormones why or why not
Only certain cells, called target cells, can respond to certain hormones
A target cell for a particular hormone will have what
A receptor protein for that hormone
Hormones are a means of
Communicating between cells, body parts, and even individuals
In a condition called androgen insensitivity is
An individual has X and Y sex chromosomes
Do prostaglandins travel via bloodstream?
No they are a local hormone and instead affect neighboring cells, sometimes promoting pain and inflammation
Growth factors are local hormones that promote
Cell division and mitosis
Chemical signals that influence the behavior of other individuals are called
Pheromones
Term used to include hormones that are peptides, proteins, glycoproteins, and modified amino acids
Peptide hormone
These hormones have the same complex of four carbon rings because they are all derived from cholesterol
Steroid hormones
This acts as a link between the nervous and endocrine systems
Hypothalamus
This regulates the internal environment through communications with the autonomic nervous system
Hypothalamus
Large gland located in the neck
Thyroid gland
Organ in the neck that secretes several important hormones, including thyroxine and calcitonin
Thyroid gland
Condition characterized by high blood glucose level and the appearance of glucose in the urine
Diabetes mellitus
Hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary that stimulates portions of the adrenal cortex
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
Type of hormone that causes the activation of an enzyme cascade in cells
Peptide hormone
Hormone released by the posterior pituitary that causes contraction of the uterus and milk letdown
Oxytocin
